Escalation vs. non-escalation of fan violence in football? Narratives from ultra fans, police officers and security employees

Brechbühl, Alain; Dimech, Annemarie Schumacher; Schmid, Olivier N.

doi:10.1080/17430437.2016.1221932

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The Swiss police originally categorized the majority of the ultras as peaceful fans; however, physical altercations were increasingly reported. This gave rise to the expression "hooltra" to define the overlap (Brechbühl et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental injuries in Swiss soccer supporters: A comparative study of regular fans, ultras, and hooligans for public health strategies

Schneider,

Simonek,

Eggmann

et al. 2023

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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ObjectivesViolence among soccer supporters continues to pose a significant public health concern in many parts of the world. In Switzerland, hooliganism is largely uninvestigated. This study aimed to examine incidents of violence and associated dental injuries among different groups of soccer supporters, as well as assess the impact of intoxicants on their behavior, using survey data from regular fans, ultras, and hooligans in the Swiss Football League.Material and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey using a standardized questionnaire was conducted among distinct factions of soccer supporters in the Swiss Football League in 2022. A total of 165 participants self‐identified as belonging to one of three subgroups: “regular fan,” “ultra,” or “hooligan.” Data were gathered on physical altercations, dental injuries, possession of mouthguards, intoxicant use, and medical assistance. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression models, and significance tests were used for data analysis (α = .05).ResultsHooligans had a higher frequency of dental injuries resulting from fights than ultras and regular fans. Hooligans with 11–20 fights per soccer season had a 9.6 times higher probability of dental trauma than those with 0–5 fights (p = .048). Possession of a mouthguard was associated with a lower risk of dental injuries for hooligans but an increased risk for ultras. Additionally, hooligans were found to differ significantly from other groups in their consumption of amphetamines and cocaine (p < .001).ConclusionsThe study found a strong link between physical altercations and dental injuries among soccer supporters. To promote better prevention, there is a necessity for enhanced educational initiatives facilitated by dentists to amplify the dissemination of mouthguards. Furthermore, it is crucial to raise awareness regarding their proper fitting to minimize the occurrence of combat‐related dental injuries. Health authorities and other stakeholders should take a comprehensive approach to addressing some of the root causes of violent behavior, which include alcohol abuse and illicit substance consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental injuries in Swiss soccer supporters: A comparative study of regular fans, ultras, and hooligans for public health strategies

Schneider,

Simonek,

Eggmann

et al. 2023

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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“…Research has shown that the language of football fans is mainly metaphoric, often military, aggressive or comic, mockery, as well as slang, jargon words and phrases. 30 However, on the one hand, the main purpose of the emergence of fans' slang, obviously, is to separate and isolate the movements of fans from the rest of the world, to determine the division into "ours" and "alien" criteria. 29 The linguistic activities of football fans are not limited to the oral communication only.…”

Section: Subculture Of Football Fans Its Place In Criminal Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this can hardly be considered as a leading, influencing factor in the expression of a football fan's criminogenic manifestations. Firstly, for example, the results of a survey (see p. [30][31] show that the number of unemployed football fans with criminogenic manifestations is quite low (9.15 %).…”

Section: Social Factors: Socio-political Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criminogenic Manifestations of Football Fans and Prevention: Latvian and Foreign Experience. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis

Zalcmane¹

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“…katra grupa atsevišķi netiks skatīta. Tomēr attiecībā uz piekto grupu pastāv kopīgs saraksts ar Eiropas aizliegto simboliku futbolā 30. Šādu atribūtu klātbūtne futbola faniem nozīmē kriminogēnu izpausmi, kā rezultātā uz to tiek attiecināts ne tikai morālais sabiedrības nosodījums, bet arī, atkarībā no Eiropas valstu tiesību aktiem, administratīvā vai kriminālatbildība.…”

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“…Tomēr, no vienas puses, fanu slenga parādīšanās galvenais mērķis, acīmredzami, ir nošķirt un izolēt fanu kustību no pārējās pasaules, noteikt dalīšanu pēc "savs" un "svešs" kritērijiem.Futbola fanu lingvistiskā darbība neaprobežojas tikai ar mutisko saziņas veidu. Fani pauž arī savas domas un emocijas uz komandu karodziņiem vai30 2016. Monitoring Discriminatory Signs and Synbols in European Football.…”

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Futbola fanu kriminogēnās izpausmes un to prevencija: Latvijas un ārvalstu pieredze. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums

Zalcmane¹

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7 2015. Lietuvas futbola kluba fani protestē un padzen krievu investorus. Nra.lv. http://nra.lv/sports/futbols/133483-lietuvas-futbola-kluba-fani-proteste-un-padzenkrievu-investorus.htm 8 2019. Video: Liepājā nekārtības sarīko Minskas 'Dinamo' futbola fani. Delfi.lv. Delfi Sports https://www.delfi.lv/sports/news/futbols/video-liepaja-nekartibas-sariko-minskasdinamo-futbola-fani.d?id=51272295 9 Ibid.

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Escalation vs. non-escalation of fan violence in football? Narratives from ultra fans, police officers and security employees

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Dental injuries in Swiss soccer supporters: A comparative study of regular fans, ultras, and hooligans for public health strategies

Dental injuries in Swiss soccer supporters: A comparative study of regular fans, ultras, and hooligans for public health strategies

Criminogenic Manifestations of Football Fans and Prevention: Latvian and Foreign Experience. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis

Futbola fanu kriminogēnās izpausmes un to prevencija: Latvijas un ārvalstu pieredze. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums

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