Escape Attempts

Conceptualizing the selves of tourism

“…This self was predominantly posited as a universal and tourism, like leisure, was seen in a dialectical relationship with the workaday world ( de Grazia, 1962;Parker, 1983;Clark and Critcher, 1985;Deem, 1986;Brook, 1993). Cohen and Taylor (1976), for example, drew on Goffman's concern with the presentation of self in everyday life to argue that holidays are culturally sanctioned escape routes for western travellers. One of the problems for the modern traveller, in this view, is to establish identity and a sense of personal individuality in the face of the anomic forces of a technological world.…”

“…Cohen and Taylor, 1976;Pearce, 1984;Urry, 1990;Brown, 1992;Rojek, 1993;. As the tour group, the host community and the natural environment, to varying degrees, are interdependent components of any tourist experience, there is a need to move beyond simplistic typologies towards a more analytically exible conceptualisation that allows for the exploration of the assumptions implicit in the 'tourist gaze', the tourist 'destination', the marketing 'image', the 'visit', in suggesting other modes of analysis that may better account for the signi cant range and diversity of tourist experiences.…”

Volunteer tourism as alternative tourism: journeys beyond otherness.

“…This self was predomi-nantly posited as a universal, and tourism, like leisure, was seen in a dialectical relationship with the 'workaday world'. Cohen and Taylor (1976), for example, drew on Goffman's (1959) concern with the presentation of self in everyday life, to argue that vacations are culturally sanctioned escape routes from paid work for Western travellers. One of the key challenges for the modern traveller, in this view, is to establish identity and a sense of personal individuality in the face of the anomic forces of a technological world.…”

“…Holidays and vacations provide freedom to mentally and physically escape from the immediacy of the multiplicity of impinging pressures in technological society. According to Cohen and Taylor (1976), the tourist uses all aspects of the holiday/vacation for the manipulation of well-being.…”

Total Institutions and Reinvented Identities

“…This echoes Foucault's (1975) model of disciplinary power as a network of capillaries permeating a social body; spiritual RIs do not stand alongside mainstream culture but are immersed within it. As Cohen & Taylor (1992) argued, the escape routes we create to retreat from the routines of everyday life are in fact formed with it, through culturally prescribed institutional sites.…”