Escherichia coli antibodies in opsonisation and protection against infection

Dijk, W. C. van; Verbrugh, Henri A.; Tol, Marijke E. van Erne-van der; Peters, R.C.; Verhoef, J.

doi:10.1099/00222615-14-4-381

Cited by 45 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our results also confirm that naturally acquired antibodies were efficient at opsonizing MAEC strains, in accordance with previous reports (9,42). The resistance to phagocytosis of encapsulated strains such as B117 has already been documented (24) and conforms to the requirement for antibodies to K antigen for phagocytosis to be efficient (12). Our results are in keeping with the idea that the main opsonic activity is mediated by antibodies to the O-antigen (12,22).…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It has been established that smooth strains tend to elicit mainly antibodies to the immune-dominant O-antigen (11). These antibodies are highly effective at opsonizing the cognate strains (12), but they are serotype specific, and the O-serotype diversity of mammary gland-associated E. coli strains (MAEC) makes the O-antigen inappropriate for vaccine development (13)(14)(15). This is why antigens shared by coliform bacteria, such as the outer membrane proteins (Omps), have been targeted by vaccination with rough E. coli, like the J5 strain that is used in the current E. coli mastitis vaccines (5,16,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Shielding Effect of Escherichia coli O-Antigen Polysaccharide on J5-Induced Cross-Reactive Antibodies

Rainard

Répérant-Ferter

Gitton

et al. 2021

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Escherichia coli is the leading cause of severe mastitis in dairy farms. As E. coli mastitis is refractory to the hygienic control measures adapted to contagious mastitis, efficient vaccines are in demand. Existing mastitis vaccines, based on the use of killed rough E. coli J5 as the antigen, aim at inducing phagocytosis by neutrophils. We assessed the binding of J5-induced antibodies to isogenic rough and smooth strains along with a panel of mastitis-associated E. coli. Analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that antibodies to OmpA or killed J5 bind readily to rough E. coli but poorly to smooth strains. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that immunization with J5 induced antibodies that cross-reacted with rough E. coli strains but with only a small subpopulation of smooth strains. We identified type 1 fimbriae as the target of most antibodies cross-reacting with the smooth strains. These results suggest that the O-polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide shields the outer membrane antigens and that only fiber antigens protruding at the bacterial surface can elicit antibodies reacting with mastitis-associated E. coli. We evaluated J5-induced antibodies in an opsonophagocytic killing assay with bovine neutrophils. J5 immune serum was not more efficient than preimmune serum, showing that immunization did not improve on the already high efficiency of naturally acquired antibodies to E. coli. In conclusion, it is unlikely that the efficiency of J5 vaccines is related to the induction of opsonic antibodies. Consequently, other research directions, such as cell-mediated immunity, should be explored to improve E. coli mastitis vaccines. IMPORTANCE Despite intensive research, mastitis remains an important disease in dairy cattle with a significant impact on animal welfare, use of antibiotics, and, in the end, the economy of dairy farms. Although vaccines available so far have shown limited efficacy against coliform mastitis, vaccination is considered one of the measures that could limit the consequences of mastitis. One reason for the lack of efficiency of current vaccines likely stems from the current evaluation of vaccines that relies mostly on measuring antibody production against vaccine antigens. This report clearly shows that vaccine-induced antibodies fail to bind to most mastitis-associated E. coli strains because of the presence of an O-antigen and, thus, do not allow for improved phagocytosis of pathogens. As a consequence, this report calls for revised criteria for the evaluation of vaccines and suggests that cell-mediated immunity should be targeted by new vaccinal strategies. More generally, these results could be extended to other vaccine development strategies targeting coliform bacteria.

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shielding Effect of Escherichia coli O-Antigen Polysaccharide on J5-Induced Cross-Reactive Antibodies

Rainard

Répérant-Ferter

Gitton

et al. 2021

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“…This antiserum, however, failed to protect mice against a variety of gram-negative bacterial challenges. Other investigators have also been unable to demonstrate cross-protection using rabbit antiserum to E. coli J5 in a mouse model system [105,106].…”

Section: Anti-core Lps Antibody Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large body of data exists to support the concept that polyclonal antibody directed against the core region of LPS may be protective in vivo [82,83,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102], although several investigators have been unable to substantiate these findings [103][104][105][106]. Braude et al [88,107] and Ziegler et al [94,99] have developed a rabbit model of gram-negative bacteremia in which passive transfer of rabbit antiserum directed toward E. coli J5 enhanced survival during bacteremia due to 2 different strains of E. coli, as well as K. pneumoniae, compared to nonimmune serum.…”

Section: Anti-core Lps Antibody Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapeutic advances in the treatment of gram‐negative bacterial sepsis

Dünn

1987

World j. surg.

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Gram‐negative bacterial sepsis with the frequent sequelae of shock, multi‐system organ failure, and death represents one of the most severe infections that can occur in the surgical patient. Fatality in most series has paralleled the presence and severity of underlying host disease processes, polymicrobial bacteremia, shock, and lack of early appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Even patients with no underlying disease state have a significant mortality (10–20%). Therapy of gram‐negative bacterial sepsis and shock at present consists of antimicrobial agents, hemodynamic monitoring, aggressive fluid resuscitation, and metabolic support. The use of these treatment modalities in concert has reduced, but not eliminated, the severe consequences that may ensue. Administration of antibody directed against the comon core lipopolysaccharide antigen of gramnegative microorganisms to patients with gram‐negative sepsis represents a means by which the morbidity and mortality of this disease process may be further reduced. This is supported by a large body of experimental evidence, as well as several preliminary clinical studies. It is necessary to determine how the clinical efficacy of such antibody preparations can be maximized. This will entail rigorously controlled studies in which the timing of antibody administration and dose utilized can be correlated with clinical efficacy. Should such antibody preparations continue to prove efficacious as an additive form of therapy, it may be possible to identify high‐risk groups of patients who would benefit from antibody prophylaxis.

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Antibody Immunotherapy of Gram‐negative Bacterial Sepsis

Dünn

1987

Pharmacotherapy

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Gram-negative bacterial sepsis continues to represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Currently available medical therapy (antimicrobial agents, hemodynamic monitoring, aggressive fluid resuscitation, and nutritional support) for this disease process has reduced but not eliminated the severe consequences that may ensue. Recent investigations have demonstrated the ability of antibody directed against gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin) to afford protection during experimental gram-negative bacillary sepsis. The core LPS-lipid A portion of endotoxin represents a determinant shared by many common gram-negative microorganisms that is luxuriantly expressed on the cell surface of rough mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella minnesota. These organisms or the outer membrane LPS isolated from them thus represent suitable immunogens for the development of cross-protective antibody preparations. Large quantities of highly cross-reactive antibody may potentially be obtained from several sources: murine or human monoclonal antibodies, immunization of large animals or humans with subsequent plasmapharesis and antibody isolation, affinity purification of large amounts of normal antibody, and pooling of prescreened lots of normal animal or human antibody that react to a particular bacterial antigen.

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Escherichia coli antibodies in opsonisation and protection against infection

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Shielding Effect of Escherichia coli O-Antigen Polysaccharide on J5-Induced Cross-Reactive Antibodies

Shielding Effect of Escherichia coli O-Antigen Polysaccharide on J5-Induced Cross-Reactive Antibodies

Immunotherapeutic advances in the treatment of gram‐negative bacterial sepsis

Antibody Immunotherapy of Gram‐negative Bacterial Sepsis

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