Escherichia coli Infection Sepsis: An Analysis of Specifically Expressed Genes and Clinical Indicators

Abstract

Since E. coli is the most prevalent sepsis bacterium, studying its pathogenic molecular pathways may help with its early diagnosis and individualized treatment. However, few studies have investigated the molecular characterization of E. coli infection only. We extracted E. coli infection-specific genes and indicators from published data and clinical laboratory results in this study. GSE65088 showed 277, 377, and 408 DEGs for E. coli and other bacteria, E. coli and healthy groups, and other bacteria and healthy groups, respectively. DEGs, the MEgreen module with the highest relevance in WGCNA, and the first three MCODE subnetworks were used to find E. coli infection-specific hub genes. HSPA1B and TNF were verified in GSE6269 with ROC-AUCs of 0.7038 and 0.7116, respectively. CIBERSORT showed increased B-cell naive and T-cell CD4 naive infiltration in E. coli infectious sepsis. Patients infected with E. coli were younger than those infected with other pathogens. Compared to the other bacterially infectious sepsis patients, the E. coli patients had low globulin, prealbumin, creatine kinase, and high bilirubin levels. The clinically significant difference indicator IL-2, in combination with hub genes, better differentiated the healthy and E. coli groups, with an ROC-AUC of 0.8793. The study suggested that HSPA1B and TNF may be E.-coli-infection-specific genes, which may help explain the molecular mechanism of infectious sepsis.

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“…HSPA1B (heat shock protein family A member 1B), one of the isoforms in HAP70, is a stress-inducible molecular chaperone whose key role involves the refolding and degradation of polypeptides, forming complexes with other heat shock proteins (e.g., HSP90), stabilizing existing proteins against aggregation, and mediating the folding of newly translated proteins in the cytoplasm and organelles ( 41 ). In addition, HSP70 secreted into the extracellular matrix leads to the upregulation of the expression of proinflammatory factors such as TNF by stimulating signaling cascades ( 42 ). This confirms that HSPA1B is closely related to the TNF family, as shown in Figure 7A .…”

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“…Additionally, pathogenic E. coli , especially strains like uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), can cause severe conditions such as bacteremia and sepsis. These extraintestinal infections caused by pathogenic E. coli are the leading cause of sepsis in healthcare environments and communities ( 51 – 53 ). P. aeruginosa is a common pathogen found in severe burn injuries and is associated with various nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, surgical wounds, urinary tract infections, and bacterial infections.…”