Escherichia coli O157:H7 in faeces from cattle, sheep and pigs in the southwest part of Norway during 1998 and 1999

Johnsen, G.; Wasteson, Yngvild; Heir, Even; Berget, Odd Ivar; Herikstad, Hallgeir

doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00518-3

Cited by 115 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Prevalence rates of EHEC O157 faecal carriage ranging from 0.2 to 2% have been reported in pigs slaughtered in European countries [16,73,82], Japan [119] and the United States [47]. The low carriage rate observed in these studies could be the result of accidental exposure of pig herds to EHEC O157 through contamination of feedstuff or the environment with ruminant manure in farms that do not comply with good husbandry practices.…”

Section: Other Non Ruminant Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

et al. 2005

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-Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) constitute a subset of serotypes (E. coli O157 and some other serogroups) of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) firmly associated with severe human illnesses like bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Stx production is essential but not sufficient for EHEC virulence. Most strains are capable of colonising the intestinal mucosa of the host with the "attaching and effacing" mechanism, genetically governed by a large pathogenicity island (PAI) defined as the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement. Other virulence factors carried by mobile genetic elements like PAI and plasmids have been recently described, and their role in the pathogenic process has not been fully elucidated. EHEC are zoonotic pathogens. They rarely cause disease in animals, and ruminants are recognised as their main natural reservoir. Cattle are considered to be the most important source of human infections with EHEC O157, and the ecology of the organism in cattle farming has been extensively studied. The organism has also been reported in sheep, goats, water buffalos, and deer. Pigs and poultry are not considered to be a source of EHEC and the sporadic reports may derive from accidental exposure to ruminant dejections. The epidemiology of EHEC infections has remarkably changed during the past ten years and an increasing number of unusual food vehicles have been associated with human infections. New routes of transmission have emerged, like contact with animals during farm visits and a wide variety of environment-related exposures. As for other zoonotic agents, having animals and raw products that are free from EHEC is not possible in practice. However, their occurrence can be minimised by applying high standards of hygiene in all the steps of the food production chain.

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Section: Other Non Ruminant Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

et al. 2005

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“…Fourteen isolates [belonging to serogroups O91:H(Ϫ), O91:H12, and O91:H14] harbored stx 1 , and two isolates (serogroup O91:H44) harbored stx 2e . E. coli O157:H7 has been isolated from swine feces and intact-colon fecal samples from several countries, including the United States, Japan, and Norway (17,26,37); however, E. coli O157:H7 was not isolated from swine feces examined in the present study, nor was this serotype isolated in a separate project, also part of the NAHMS Swine 2000 study, that specifically targeted E. coli Out of a total of 687 fecal samples tested, 54% (370 of 687), 64% (436 of 687), and 38% (261 of 687) were positive for stx 1 , stx 2 , and both toxin genes, respectively, by PCR. Twenty-nine (13%), 14 (6%), and 176 (80%) of the 219 isolates obtained from the PCR-positive samples possessed the stx 1 , stx 2 , and stx 2e genes, respectively ( Table 2).…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have demonstrated that animals, including cows, sheep, goats, and pigs, are reservoirs for different STEC strains, including serogroups that have been associated with human illness (3,5,12,18,23,26). Botteldoorn and coworkers (10) isolated STEC that possessed the stx 2e variant gene from 56 of 177 (32%) pig rectal swabs and reported that 14 and 5% of these isolates were positive for the eaeA and hlyA virulence genes, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Swine Feces Recovered in the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 Study

Fratamico

Bagi

Bush

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

107

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A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in swine feces in the United States as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 study. Fecal samples collected from swine operations from 13 of the top 17 swine-producing states were tested for the presence of STEC. After enrichment of swine fecal samples in tryptic soy broth, the samples were tested for the presence of stx 1 and stx 2 by use of the TaqMan E. coli STX1 and STX2 PCR assays. Enrichments of samples positive for stx 1 and/or stx 2 were plated, and colony hybridization was performed using digoxigenin-labeled probes complementary to the stx 1 and stx 2 genes. Positive colonies were picked and confirmed by PCR for the presence of the stx 1 , stx 2 , or stx 2e genes, and the isolates were serotyped. Out of 687 fecal samples tested using the TaqMan assays, 70% (484 of 687) were positive for Shiga toxin genes, and 54% (370 of 687), 64% (436 of 687), and 38% (261 of 687) were positive for stx 1 , stx 2 , and both toxin genes, respectively. Out of 219 isolates that were characterized, 29 (13%) produced stx 1 , 14 (6%) produced stx 2 , and 176 (80%) produced stx 2e . Twenty-three fecal samples contained at least two STEC strains that had different serotypes but that had the same toxin genes or included a strain that possessed stx 1 in addition to a strain that possessed stx 2 or stx 2e . The STEC isolates belonged to various serogroups, including O2, O5, O7, O8, O9, OX10, O11, O15, OX18, O20, O57, O65, O68, O69, O78, O91, O96, O100, O101, O120, O121, O152, O159, O160, O163, and O untypeable. It is noteworthy that no isolates of serogroup O157 were recovered. Results of this study indicate that swine in the United States harbor STEC that can potentially cause human illness.

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“…Nakazawa et al (1999) found 3 O157:H7 + isolates among 221 porcine E. coli samples tested and they were Stx-positive. Moreover, Johnsen et al (2001), testing as many as 1 976 bacterial samples from pigs, detected only 2 E. coli O157:H7-positive isolates, which were not further analyzed for toxin production. However, there is no information concerning the prevalence of other typical O157-associated markers (enterohemolysin and intimin) as well as biochemical and antimicrobial resistance of such strains and correlation of these phenotypic properties with the source of isolation.…”

Section: Antimicrobialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from humans, cattle and pigs

Osek¹

2004

Vet. Med. - Czech

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A total of 90 Escherichia coli O157 isolates recovered from humans, cattle, and pigs, were examined for the presence of the H7 antigen, ability to produce Shiga toxins and enterohemolysin as well as for antimicrobial resistance and biochemical properties. Fourteen of the human strains (n = 23) and 21 of the bovine isolates (n = 29) were of the O157:H7 serotype as determined by agglutination and PCR methods. All E. coli O157 of porcine origin (n = 38) were H-negative. Based on the ability to produce Shiga toxins (Stxs), all human and cattle isolates and 11 strains recovered from swine were identified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Among STEC, most human strains (18 isolates) were Stx1- and Stx2-positive whereas cattle strains were mostly Stx2-positive. Eleven porcine STEC produced either Stx1 (7 isolates) or Stx2 (4 strains) toxins; an additional 20 isolates recovered from these animals had the Stx2e toxin gene as previously determined by PCR. All human and cattle E. coli O157 produced enterohemolysin whereas only 4 strains recovered from pigs were ehly-positive. Moreover, the PCR identification of the lpf<sub>O113</sub> gene performed earlier revealed that this putative virulence marker was present in all porcine isolates, only in 5 strains of bovine origin but in none of E. coli O157 recovered from humans. All 90 E. coli O157 strains tested displayed 10 biochemical profiles that were different at least in one of the reaction tested. The most common atypical reaction observed among porcine O157 isolates was ability to ferment sorbitol (all strains) and production of β-glucuronidase (25 isolates). Moreover, none of the sorbitol-positive strains was able to produce indol. Four antimicrobial resistance profiles among 90 E. coli O157 strains tested were observed. Most of the isolates recovered from humans and all strains from cattle were resistant only to rifampicin whereas the porcine strains showed resistance to either 3 antimicrobials (4 isolates) or to 4 drugs tested (34 isolates). The phenotypic data shown in the present study, together with the previously published genotypic analyses of these strains, confirm earlier suggestions that the porcine E. coli O157 strains are mostly different from those of bovine and human O157 isolates and could therefore play less important role in human STEC O157 infections.

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 in faeces from cattle, sheep and pigs in the southwest part of Norway during 1998 and 1999

Cited by 115 publications

References 30 publications

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

Prevalence and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Swine Feces Recovered in the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 Study

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from humans, cattle and pigs

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