Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival and Growth on Lettuce Is Altered by the Presence of Epiphytic Bacteria

Cooley, Michael B.; Chao, Diana; Mandrell, Robert E.

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-69.10.2329

Cited by 150 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The quantity and diversity of microbial communities are subjected to seasonal changes (45,52). Thus, indigenous bacteria may affect survival of S. Typhimurium, as shown for E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce (19). An increase in the logged relative humidity (RH) between spring and winter corresponded with the increase in Salmonella counts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and Persistence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium in the Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere of Spray-Irrigated Parsley

Kisluk

Yaron

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Salmonella enterica is one of the major food-borne pathogens associated with ready-to-eat fresh foods. Although polluted water might be a significant source of contamination in the field, factors that influence the transfer of Salmonella from water to the crops are not well understood, especially under conditions of low pathogen levels in water. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-and long-term (1 h to 28 days) persistence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere of parsley following spray irrigation with contaminated water. Plate counting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-based methods were implemented for the quantification. By applying qRT-PCR with enrichment, we were able to show that even irrigation with water containing as little as ϳ300 CFU/ml resulted in the persistence of S. Typhimurium on the plants for 48 h. Irrigation with water containing 8.5 log CFU/ml resulted in persistence of the bacteria in the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere for at least 4 weeks, but the population steadily declined with a major reduction in bacterial counts, of ϳ2 log CFU/g, during the first 2 days. Higher levels of Salmonella were detected in the phyllosphere when plants were irrigated during the night compared to irrigation during the morning and during winter compared to the other seasons. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the transfer of Salmonella from contaminated water to crops, as well as its persistence over time, will enable the implementation of effective irrigation and control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and Persistence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium in the Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere of Spray-Irrigated Parsley

Kisluk

Yaron

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Bacteria on the phyllosphere have been shown to influence the survival and growth of human bacterial pathogens (37,60,61). Previous studies have shown that the application of physical damage changes the microenvironment of the leaf due to nutrient leakage and sugar exudation, which in turn may affect the survival of human-pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of leaves (9,12,54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic Stress and Phyllosphere Bacteria Influence the Survival of Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates on Preharvest Leafy Greens

Esseili

Gao

Tegtmeier

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Foodborne outbreaks of human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are frequently associated with leafy greens. Because there is no effective method to eliminate HuNoV from postharvest leafy greens, understanding virus survival under preharvest conditions is crucial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of HuNoV and its surrogate viruses, murine norovirus (MNV), porcine sapovirus (SaV), and Tulane virus (TV), on preharvest lettuce and spinach that were subjected to abiotic stress (physical damage, heat, or flood). We also examined the bacteria culturable from the phyllosphere in response to abiotic stress and in relation to viral persistence. Mature plants were subjected to stressors 2 days prior to inoculation of the viruses on leaves. We quantified the viral RNA, determined the infectivity of the surrogates, and performed bacterial counts on postinoculation days (PIDs) 0, 1, 7, and 14. For both plant types, time exerted significant effects on HuNoV, MNV, SaV, and TV RNA titers, with greater effects being seen for the surrogates. Infectious surrogate viruses were undetectable on PID 14. Only physical damage on PID 14 significantly enhanced HuNoV RNA persistence on lettuce, while the three stressors differentially enhanced the persistence of MNV and TV RNA. Bacterial counts were significantly affected by time and plant type but not by the stressors. However, bacterial counts correlated significantly with HuNoV RNA titers on spinach and with the presence of surrogate viruses on both plant types under various conditions. In conclusion, abiotic stressors and phyllosphere bacterial density may differentially influence the survival of HuNoV and its surrogates on lettuce and spinach, emphasizing the need for the use of preventive measures at the preharvest stage.H uman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne illnesses in the United States, causing 19 million to 21 million cases, 570 to 800 deaths, and $777 million in health care-associated costs annually (1). These singlestranded RNA viruses belong to the Caliciviridae family and are 28 to 35 nm in diameter and nonenveloped. Although these viruses cause self-limiting gastroenteritis, more serious infections can develop in high-risk groups, such as the elderly and immunocompromised populations (2). The virus is mainly transmitted to humans via the fecal-oral route either by contact with an infected person or fomites or by ingestion of contaminated food and water (2). Leafy greens are frequently associated with HuNoV outbreaks (1) and are globally recognized to be a high priority in terms of the microbial safety of fresh produce (3). Contamination of leafy greens with HuNoVs can occur at any stage along the farm-to-fork chain (3) through a number of sources, including fecally contaminated water used for irrigation, improperly treated sewage sludge used for fertilization, and food harvesters or food handlers who use improper hygiene practices (4, 5). Because HuNoVs have a low infectious dose (ϳ18 to 1,000 viral particles) (6) ...

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“…Por ejemplo, Cooley et al (2006) reportaron que Wausteria paucula puede ayudar de forma activa a mejorar la sobrevivencia de E. coli O157:H7 en la rizosfera y en la cutícula de la hoja de la lechuga. Del mismo modo, Xanthomonas campestris pv.…”

Section: Adhesión Bacteriana Y Sobrevivencia En Las Plantasunclassified

“…Estos Volumen 34, Número 1, 2016 ability to leach nutrients, and its interactions with other epiphytic (Aruscavage et al, 2006) or phytopathogenic microorganisms. For example, Cooley et al (2006) reported that Wausteria paucula can actively support and enhance the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in the rhizosphere and on the leaf-surface of lettuce. Similarly, Xanthomonas campestris pv.…”

Section: Adhesión Bacteriana Y Sobrevivencia En Las Plantasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interacciones entre Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Plantas Comestibles. ¿Se han Desarrollado Mecanismos de Internalización Bacteriana?

Torres-Aguilar

Manjarrez-DomÃnguez

Acosta-MuÃ±iz

et al. 2015

RMF

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Abstract. Despite efforts to prevent microbial contamination, the occurrence of human pathogens in fresh fruit and vegetable is quite common. It is now known that E. coli O157:H7 can inhabit food plants passively. Here, we review the literature on phylloplane adhesion, survival and internalization of this bacterium, as well as some of the interaction mechanisms between it and the food plant, and other Resumen. La presencia de bacterias patógenas en frutas y hortalizas es muy común a pesar de los grandes esfuerzos realizados para prevenir la contaminación microbiologica. En la actualidad, se sabe (o se conoce) que E. coli O157:H7 puede colonizar de forma pasiva plantas comestibles. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de literatura sobre E. coli y su adhesión al filoplano, supervivencia e internalización, así como mecanismos de interacción bacteria -planta. Una vez, que este patógeno, se adhiere a la superficie de la planta, puede introducirse al tejido, para después movilizarse y multiplicarse. Esta revisión ofrece una visión general de los mecanismos de interacción entre el tejido vegetal y E. coli O157:H7. Se considera que este patógeno ha mejorado su competencia ecológica en plantas comestibles, sin perder su virulencia para el ser hu- Interactions between

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival and Growth on Lettuce Is Altered by the Presence of Epiphytic Bacteria

Cited by 150 publications

References 37 publications

Presence and Persistence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium in the Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere of Spray-Irrigated Parsley

Presence and Persistence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium in the Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere of Spray-Irrigated Parsley

Abiotic Stress and Phyllosphere Bacteria Influence the Survival of Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates on Preharvest Leafy Greens

Interacciones entre Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Plantas Comestibles. ¿Se han Desarrollado Mecanismos de Internalización Bacteriana?

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