Escherichia Coli Strains That Cause Diarrhœa but Do Not Produce Heat-Labile or Heat-Stable Enterotoxins and Are Non-Invasive

Levine, M. M.; Nalin, DavidR.; Hornick, R. B.; Bergquist, E J; Waterman, DanielH.; Young, Charles R.; Sotman, Steven B.; Rowe, B.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90299-4

Cited by 646 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The ability of EPEC to cause diarrhoea has been confirmed by human volunteer studies (Levine et al 1978), but the mechanism by which they elicit a fluid response in the human gut is unclear. They usually do not produce ST or LT, nor do they possess genes coding for the production of these enterotoxins Robins-Browne et al 1982).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia colidiarrhoea

Gross

Rowe

1985

J. Hyg.

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Ever since Escherich (1885) first isolated the organism now known asEscherichia colifrom the stools of infants, medical microbiologists have been faced with the problem of distinguishing between those strains capable of causing diarrhoea and those that are harmless gut commensals. Epidemiological investigations were greatly facilitated by the description by Kauffmann (1947) of a serotyping scheme forE. coli, and Taylor (1961) later reported that 17 0 serogroups ofE. colihad been implicated as possible causes of epidemic infantile enteritis. These infantile enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC), having been discovered by epidemiological studies using serotyping, belonged by definition to a restricted range of serogroups. More recently it was shown that otherE. colistrains may produce enterotoxins, and these enterotoxigenicE. coli(ETEC) usually belong to particular serogroups which are different from those associated with EPEC.E. colistrains belonging to a third range of serogroups may cause an illness resembling shigella dysentery, and these may be regarded as entero-invasiveE. coli(EIEC).E. colistrains that cause diarrhoea may therefore be considered as three groups, as follows.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia colidiarrhoea

Gross

Rowe

1985

J. Hyg.

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“…E2348/69 (O127:K63:H6) is a wild-type strain of EPEC originally isolated from an epidemic case in England (27). Mutant strains were prepared from E2348/69 and have been reported elsewhere (33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , Shigella flexneri , and Listeria monocytogenes Recruit a Junctional Protein, Zonula Occludens-1, to Actin Tails and Pedestals

et al. 2007

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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Listeria monocytogenes induce localized actin polymerization at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane or within the host cytoplasm, creating unique actin-rich structures termed pedestals or actin tails. The process is known to be mediated by the actin-related protein 2 and 3 (Arp2/3) complex, which in these cases acts downstream of neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) or of a listerial functional homolog of WASP family proteins. Here, we show that zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a protein in the tight junctions of polarized epithelial cells, is recruited to actin tails and pedestals. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that ZO-1 was stained most in the distal part of the actin-rich structures, and the incorporation was mediated by the proline-rich region of the ZO-1 molecule. The direct clustering of membrane-targeted Nck, which is known to activate the N-WASP-Arp2/3 pathway, triggered the formation of the ZO-1-associated actin tails. The results suggest that the activation of the Arp2/3 complex downstream of N-WASP or a WASP-related molecule is a key to the formation of the particular actin-rich structures that bind with ZO-1. We propose that an analysis of the recruitment on a molecular basis will lead to an understanding of how ZO-1 recognizes a distinctive actin-rich structure under pathophysiological conditions.

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“…A variety of bacterial pathogens of foodborne infectious diseases were used: Aeromonas sobria strain AS62 21) , Bacillus cereus strain 91-97-13 22) , enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) strain V546 24) , EAggEC heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) gene-possessing E. coli (EAST1EC) O166 : H15 strain 36) , enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157: H7 strain 96-98-83 23) 15) .…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we examined whether various food-borne pathogens are pathogenic for C. elegans even on medium containing no nutrients to support bacterial growth. Furthermore, the nematocidal activities of the enteric pathogens were compared with those of E. coli HS, an internationally well-recognized non-enteropathogenic strain 15) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Caenorhabditis elegans as the Host in an Infection Model for Food-borne Pathogens

香織¹,

智佳子²,

高紀³

et al. 2008

Jpn. J. Food Microbiol.

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The bacteriophagous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been recognized as a surrogate host for human pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine whether food-borne pathogens are pathogenic in nematodes. Young adult worms were allocated onto peptone-free medium covered with a bacterial suspension of each pathogen. The plates were incubated and as the number of live and dead worms scored at least every 24 h. Twelve of the 14 pathogenic strains, namely Aeromonas sobria, the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains (enteroaggregative E. coli, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 gene-possessing E. coli, and di#usely adherent E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Yersinia enterocolitica reduced the survival rate of worms to varying degrees. The remaining 2 strains, Bacillus cereus and enteroinvasive E. coli, did not. Thus, food-borne pathogens can infect and proliferate within bacteriophagous nematodes on peptone-free medium to the same extent as reported with conventional peptone-containing medium. However, the non-enteropathogenic E. coli strain HS and deletion mutants of L. monocytogenes, which have lost their virulence in the murine model, were also still nematocidal. Although this nematode could be an alternative host for these pathogens, the nematocidal activity of these pathogens may not necessarily reflect enteropathogenicity in humans. Pathogens and the virulence genes to be analyzed must be carefully selected before using this alternative host.Key words: C. elegans, Enteric pathogen, Virulence, Screening, Infection model Introduction A variety of experimental models have been developed to study microbial virulence or the pathogenicity of protein toxins. However, due to increasing ethical considerations as well as economic reasons, the use of mammalian hosts is decreasing in popularity, and the establishment of e#ective alternative non-mammalian systems is urgently required.There has recently been increasing interest in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a possible host of human pathogenic bacteria, since it was reported by Ausubel et al. in 1999 that Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused fatal infection of C. elegans 31) . C. elegans has also been reported as a successful model for the investigation of virulence-associated factors of human pathogens such as Burkholderia pseudomallei 10) , Cryptococcus neoformans 19) , Enterococcus faecalis 27) , enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 2, 16) , Listeria monocytogenes 34) , P. aeruginosa 32) , Serratia marcescens 14) , Shigella flexneri 6) , Staphylococcus aureus 11,28) , and Vibrio vulnificus 9) .We recognized nematodes as a potential new surrogate host, and the degree of similarity between this nematode, C. elegans, and humans is greater than expected 17) . In the above-cited reports, the human pathogens and associated ῍ Ί̮ ῌ558ῌ8585 ̮ῒ ̮ῐῑ̮Ὶ 3ῌ3ῌ138 ῖῚ̮Ῐῗ̮Ῑ῏῎ΐ Jpn.

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Escherichia Coli Strains That Cause Diarrhœa but Do Not Produce Heat-Labile or Heat-Stable Enterotoxins and Are Non-Invasive

Cited by 646 publications

References 41 publications

Escherichia colidiarrhoea

Escherichia colidiarrhoea

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , Shigella flexneri , and Listeria monocytogenes Recruit a Junctional Protein, Zonula Occludens-1, to Actin Tails and Pedestals

Evaluation of Caenorhabditis elegans as the Host in an Infection Model for Food-borne Pathogens

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