ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 10: Surrogacy

Shenfield, Françoise; Pennings, Guido; Cohen, Jane Maslow; Devroey, Paul; Wert, G. de; Tarlatzis, Basil C.

doi:10.1093/humrep/dei147

Cited by 118 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…In addition, Canada's embryo transfer guidelines 50 should be revised to reflect the recommendations made by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology which since 2005 has called for gestational surrogacy IVF patients to receive one embryo, with two embryos being transferred in special circumstances only. 61,62 To provide needed oversight, the CFAS ought to provide an annual reporting of multiple births to surrogates and transfers of embryos containing IM and non-IM ova.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden from view: Canadian gestational surrogacy practices and outcomes, 2001-2012

White

2016

Reproductive Health Matters

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This paper raises some troubling questions about the fertility treatments provided to Canadian gestational surrogates, women not genetically related to the child that they carry. Using information published between 2003 and 2012 by Canada's Assisted Reproduction Registry, the paper traces the growing incidence of births to gestational surrogates. The transfer of more than one embryo increases the chance of pregnancy and the incidence of multiple births, and while the incidence of multiple births has declined overall since 2010, gestational surrogates consistently experience a higher proportion of multiple births and experienced higher levels of multiple embryo transfers. In 2012, just 26% of gestational surrogates received a single embryo transfer compared to 47% of other in vitro fertilisation (IVF) patients. The paper suggests that renewed attention needs to be paid to the counselling provided to gestational surrogates and treatment consenting mechanisms used by IVF clinics and that review of the 2007 Canadian Medical Association surrogate treatment guidelines is warranted. Finally, the paper describes the difficulties in obtaining accurate data about Canadian assisted reproductive medicine. Without good data, it becomes far more difficult to identify the possibility of potentially harmful practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden from view: Canadian gestational surrogacy practices and outcomes, 2001-2012

White

2016

Reproductive Health Matters

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“…After appropriate counselling and agreement by all parties, additional embryos may be transferred based on the age of the genetic parent, in an effort to improve the probability of pregnancy^ [97]. In contrast, the European Society for Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guidelines start from the assumption that one embryo should be transferred to surrogate patients with a maximum of two embryos being considered under special conditions only [98,99].…”

Section: Precarious Position Of Gestational Surrogatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“One for Sorrow, Two for Joy?”: American embryo transfer guideline recommendations, practices, and outcomes for gestational surrogate patients

White

2017

J Assist Reprod Genet

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In January 2016, Melissa Cook, a California gestational surrogate experiencing a multiple-birth pregnancy following the in vitro fertilization (IVF) transfer of three embryos comprised of donor eggs and sperm provided by the intended father, went to the media when the intended father requested that she undergo a fetal reduction because twins were less expensive to raise than triplets. Much of the legal interest in this case to date has centered on the enforceability of surrogacy contracts. However, the Cook case also raises troubling issues about fertility treatment practices involving gestational surrogates, twin preference, and third-party reproduction medical decision-making. This paper focuses on multiple-embryo transfers in the context of US surrogacy arrangements.Offering an original analysis of data obtained from the US national-assisted reproduction registry, it examines singleand multiple-embryo transfer trends over a 12-year period (2003 to 2014). Findings reveal that recommended guidelines were followed in fewer than 42% of the cases in 2014. The paper argues that ensuring equitable medical treatment for all recipients of IVF requires the adoption of treatment guidelines tailored to, and offering protections for, specific patient groups, and that, once in place, guidelines must be robustly implemented.

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“…It is important that the counseling provided should be non-directive, to enable the patient to reach her own conclusion about the suitability of PGD (Shenfield et al, 2003).…”

Section: Genetic Counseling For Pgd/pgsmentioning

confidence: 99%