ESKAPEE Pathogen Biofilm Control on Surfaces with Probiotic Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus species

Abstract

Combatting the rapidly growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and reducing prevalence and transmission of ESKAPEE pathogens in healthcare settings requires innovative strategies, one of which is displacing these pathogens using beneficial microorganisms. Our review comprehensively examines the evidence of probiotic bacteria displacing ESKAPEE pathogens, with a focus on inanimate surfaces. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases on 21 December 2021, and 143 studies were identified examining the effects of Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus spp. cells and products on the growth, colonization, and survival of ESKAPEE pathogens. While the diversity of study methods limits evidence analysis, results presented by narrative synthesis demonstrate that several species have the potential as cells or their products or supernatants to displace nosocomial infection-causing organisms in a variety of in vitro and in vivo settings. Our review aims to aid the development of new promising approaches to control pathogen biofilms in medical settings by informing researchers and policymakers about the potential of probiotics to combat nosocomial infections. More targeted studies are needed to assess safety and efficacy of different probiotic formulations, followed by large-scale studies to assess utility in infection control and medical practice.

Engineered endolysin of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage is a potent and broad-spectrum bactericidal agent against “ESKAPEE” pathogens

“…“ESKAPEE” refers to a group of notorious drug-resistant bacterial pathogens comprising Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species, and Escherichia coli ( Rice, 2008 ; Rajput et al, 2021 ; Neidhöfer et al, 2023 ). These pathogens share a common trait: their ability to evade the effects of conventional antibiotics through various mechanisms, including overexpressed efflux pumps, increased biofilm production, reduced cell wall permeability, and horizontal gene transfer ( Santajit and Indrawattana, 2016 ).…”

A critical assessment of microbial-based antimicrobial sanitizing of inanimate surfaces in healthcare settings

“…Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major healthcare concern worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, ESKAPEE group of pathogens ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli ) frequently exhibit multidrug resistance ( Mulani et al, 2019 ; Kaiser et al, 2023 ; Neidhöfer et al, 2023 ). The rise in antibiotic resistance and the recent pandemic added new impetus to research in the field of cleaning and hygiene and the development of new and alternative antimicrobials ( Willing et al, 2018 ) and cleaning products.…”