“…Possessing similar neural responses to face-to-face communication (Gantiva et al, 2019), using emoji can add extra emotional or contextual meaning to communication, enhance the attractiveness of the message to receivers (Cramer et al, 2016), help users in tone adjustment and conversation management and play a role in managing and maintaining interpersonal relationships (Kelly and Watts, 2015; Chairunnisa and Benedictus, 2017; Albawardi, 2018). On a social level, emoji, as a visual language, make it easier for non-English speaking nations to use English-dominated social media such as Twitter, Instagram and Facebook (Boothe and Wickstrom, 2017). Emoji are widely used in instant messaging, e-mail, social networking and many other forms of CMC (Dresner and Herring, 2010).…”