Esophageal verruciform xanthoma following radiotherapy

Salamanca, Javier; Alemany, Isabel; Sosa, Grevelyn; Pinedo, Fernando; Hernando, Susana; Martín‐Acosta, Paloma

doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2011.12.009

Cited by 12 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Verruciform xanthomas are rare benign lesions that occur mainly in the oral cavity (70%) but can also occur in skin, especially in the anogenital area [12]. They are usually solitary lesions, but multifocal cases have been reported [13].…”

Section: Discussion Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of them occurred in patients who underwent thoracic radiotherapy for systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma and squamous carcinoma of the tracheal carina. Microscopically, the lesions are characterized by an epithelial mucosa with papillomatosis, acanthosis, hyperkeratosis with a prominently eosinophilic thickened parakeratin layer and neutrophilic intraepithelial exocytosis [12]. The histological differential diagnosis includes squamous papilloma, verrucous carcinoma and papillary squamous cell carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussion Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review

Arco

Sánchez

Aceñero

2016

JGLD

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Gastrointestinal xanthomas are infrequent non-neoplastic lesions characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the lamina propria. They are commonly seen in association with dyslipidemia, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and infections in immunosuppressed patients. However, no clear connection to hyperlipidemia has been found. They occur more frequently in the stomach, and are very rare in the small bowel and esophagus. We identified all cases of non-gastric xanthoma or xanthomatosis reported in the English literature by searching the PubMed database and retrospectively reviewed the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features of the 11 cases of non-gastric gastrointestinal xanthomas diagnosed in our hospital. Nine lesions were located in the large bowel, one in the duodenum and one in the esophagus. All xanthomas were small (<5 mm) sessile polyps except the esophageal xanthoma, which measured 13 mm. Two cases in the large bowel and the case in the small bowel were multiple. Most patients with large bowel xanthomas had hypercholesterolemia, unlike esophageal and small bowel cases. The esophageal lesion occurred in a patient with a history of partial fundoplication due to gastroesophageal reflux disease and the small bowel case was associated to chronic atrophic gastritis with intense activity. In our search of the English literature, we found 19 cases of xanthoma or xanthomatosis in the esophagus, 13 cases in the small bowel and 61 cases in the large bowel. In conclusion, gastrointestinal xanthomas, other than the gastric ones, are rare, and are usually incidental findings. Abbreviations: AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CESD: Cholesterol ester storage disease; ChT: Chemotherapy; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; HCL: Hypercholesterolemia; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HPV: Human papilloma virus; MAI: Mycobacterium avium intracellulare; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; RT: Radiotherapy.

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Section: Discussion Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review

Arco

Sánchez

Aceñero

2016

JGLD

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“…Because the published literature on esophageal xanthoma is very limited, its precise incidence is unknown. Esophageal xanthoma is an asymptomatic small yellowish polyp, mostly reported as a solitary lesion [ 1 - 5 ]. Histologically, islands of foam cells are found under the papillary hypertrophic squamous epithelium [ 2 - 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal xanthoma: presence of M2 macrophages suggests association with late inflammatory and reparative processes

Uehara

Iwashita²,

Tanabe

et al. 2017

Open Medicine

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AbstractEsophageal xanthoma is a rare lesion which is an asymptomatic small yellowish polyp, and most of the reported cases were solitary lesion. Histologically, aggregations of foam cells are found under the papillary hypertrophic squamous epithelium and the foam cells express CD68. The etiology of esophageal xanthoma is unknown. The focal irritation of the esophageal mucosa and infiltrated inflammatory cells are presumed to contribute to its pathogenesis. Although the pathogenesis may be associated with inflammation, the type and nature of the macrophages remain unclear. Here we report a 46-year-old male with esophageal xanthoma, which was incidentally found by endoscopy. Histologically, acute inflammation was not noted, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the foam cells seen in this case of esophageal xanthoma expressed increased levels of M2 macrophage markers. These findings suggest that esophageal xanthoma is associated with late inflammatory and reparative processes long after the initial inflammation of esophageal squamous epithelium.

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“…However, xanthoma and VX of the esophagus are extremely rare. Since the first report by Remmele and Engelsing2 only 13 cases of esophageal xanthoma have been reported,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and since the report by Herrera-Goepfert et al,10 only four cases of VX of the esophagus have been reported 10,11,12,13. The etiologies of both lesions are not understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthoma of the Esophagus

et al. 2014

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Xanthoma is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion resulting from the accumulation of histiocytes. It predominantly shows cutaneous manifestations associated with dyslipidemia. However, xanthoma of the esophagus is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only 14 cases have been reported thus far. The clinical significance of this lesion has not been established. However, this lesion should be distinguished grossly from ectopic sebaceous glands and small subepithelial tumors such as carcinoid and granular cell tumor. Moreover, signet ring cell carcinoma, which contains round cells with abundant cytoplasm and has similar histologic features to xanthoma, should be distinguished microscopically.

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Esophageal verruciform xanthoma following radiotherapy

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review

Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review

Esophageal xanthoma: presence of M2 macrophages suggests association with late inflammatory and reparative processes

Xanthoma of the Esophagus

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