EspC, an autotransporter protein secreted by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), displays protease activity on human hemoglobin

Drago-Serrano, María Elisa; Parra, Sandra Gavilanes; Manjarrez-Hernández, H. Ángel

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00463.x

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Upon delivery to the exterior of the cell via the T5SS, EspC interacts with EspA and is internalized during pedestal formation via the T3SS translocon (138,139). EspC confers enhanced lysozyme resistance to EPEC (140), and purified EspC has been shown to interact with and degrade hemoglobin (141) and to hydrolyze other proteins such as pepsin, factor V, and spectrin (142). Additionally, oligomerization of EspC gives rise to rope-like structures that serve as a substratum for adherence and biofilm formation as well as to protect bacteria from antimicrobial compounds (143).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases. Pathogenic variants of E. coli (pathovars or pathotypes) cause much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, pathogenic E. coli is widely studied in humans, animals, food, and the environment. While there are many common features that these pathotypes employ to colonize the intestinal mucosa and cause disease, the course, onset, and complications vary significantly. Outbreaks are common in developed and developing countries, and they sometimes have fatal consequences. Many of these pathotypes are a major public health concern as they have low infectious doses and are transmitted through ubiquitous mediums, including food and water. The seriousness of pathogenic E. coli is exemplified by dedicated national and international surveillance programs that monitor and track outbreaks; unfortunately, this surveillance is often lacking in developing countries. While not all pathotypes carry the same public health profile, they all carry an enormous potential to cause disease and continue to present challenges to human health. This comprehensive review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the intestinal pathotypes of E. coli .

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli

et al. 2013

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“…Once there, the C terminus of the protein generates a ␤-barrel in the outer membrane that allows the passenger domain to exit the cell (68). Hemoglobin proteases from E. coli belong to the SPATE (serine protease autotransporter proteins of Enterobacteriaceae) family of proteins and are only found in pathogenic strains (68,69). E. coli hemoglobin proteases are thought to bind the released heme and deliver it to an unknown surface receptor (68).…”

Section: Bacterial Iron and Heme Acquisition Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequestration and Scavenging of Iron in Infection

2013

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The proliferative capability of many invasive pathogens is limited by the bioavailability of iron. Pathogens have thus developed strategies to obtain iron from their host organisms. In turn, host defense strategies have evolved to sequester iron from invasive pathogens. This review explores the mechanisms employed by bacterial pathogens to gain access to host iron sources, the role of iron in bacterial virulence, and iron-related genes required for the establishment or maintenance of infection. Host defenses to limit iron availability for bacterial growth during the acute-phase response and the consequences of iron overload conditions on susceptibility to bacterial infection are also examined. The evidence summarized herein demonstrates the importance of iron bioavailability in influencing the risk of infection and the ability of the host to clear the pathogen.

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“…Recently, it was also found that EspC conferred enhanced lysozyme resistance to EPEC (16). EspC and EspP display enzymatic activities, and although EspC cleaves spectrin (also called fodrin) and hemoglobin, EspP of EHEC cleaves pepsin A, and human coagulation factor V (2,11,14,(17)(18)(19). The EspP protein was also shown to influence gut colonization in calves and contributes to adherence of EHEC to bovine primary rectal cells (20).…”

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Bacterial Macroscopic Rope-like Fibers with Cytopathic and Adhesive Properties

Xicohtencatl‐Cortes

Saldaña

Deng

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We present a body of ultrastructural, biochemical, and genetic evidence that demonstrates the oligomerization of virulence-associated autotransporter proteins EspC or EspP produced by deadly human pathogens enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli into novel macroscopic ropelike structures (>1 cm long). The rope-like structures showed high aggregation and insolubility, stability to anionic detergents and high temperature, and binding to Congo Red and thioflavin T dyes. These are properties also exhibited by human amyloidogenic proteins. These macroscopic ropes were not observed in cultures of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli or isogenic espP or espC deletion mutants of enterohemorrhagic or enteropathogenic Escherichia coli but were produced by an Escherichia coli K-12 strain carrying a plasmid expressing espP. Purified recombinant EspP monomers were able to self-assemble into macroscopic ropes upon incubation, suggesting that no other protein was required for assembly. The ropes bound to and showed cytopathic effects on cultured epithelial cells, served as a substratum for bacterial adherence and biofilm formation, and protected bacteria from antimicrobial compounds. We hypothesize that these ropes play a biologically significant role in the survival and pathogenic scheme of these organisms.

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EspC, an autotransporter protein secreted by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), displays protease activity on human hemoglobin

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Sequestration and Scavenging of Iron in Infection

Bacterial Macroscopic Rope-like Fibers with Cytopathic and Adhesive Properties

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