“…Accelerating migration from the countryside to cities threatened to overwhelm existing water and sanitation systems, and to increase urban schistosomiasis (Suassuna & Coura 1969, Sturrock 2001. In Brazil outbreaks of acute schistosomiasis, especially in urban areas, were observed and documented with a certain frequency (Ferreira et al 1960, 1966, Coura et al 1970, Neves 1992, Rabello 1995, Barbosa et al 2001.…”