ESR of protonated “emeraldine”: Insulator to metal transition

Formyl‐Modified Polyaniline for the Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

“…This result is consistent with the unpaired spin delocalized primarily on the N‐incorporated phenyl rings . For FS‐PAN (Entry 7), the g value increases to 2.0035, a typical value for heteroatom systems, which indicates that the spins become more localized at the nitrogen sites . In addition, we also observed the broadening of Δ H pp from 3.9 G for S‐PAN to 16.1 G for FS‐PAN, which qualitatively supports the greater localization of charge carriers at the amide nitrogen atoms of FS‐PAN .…”

EPR Studies of Poly(o‐Phenetidine)‐Poly(Styrenesulfonic Acid) and Poly(2‐Ethylaniline)‐Poly(Styrenesulfonic Acid) Complexes

“…[16][17] Temperature-dependent EPR studies give information on the nature of the charge carriers. 18 Larderich 19 and Pohl 20 have shown polyaniline is extremely paramagnetic; MacDiarmid [21][22][23] proposed two models for the expatiation of the magnetic properties in polyaniline. One is concerned with the presence of metallic islands and a lower conductivity of the bulk polyaniline, and the other one is concerned with two types of spins (Curie spin and Pauli spin) of the polyaniline, as demonstrated by the difference in magnetic susceptibility with temperature.…”

Effects of tungsten carbide on electrochemical properties and microstructural features of Al/Pb-PANI-WC composite inert anodes used in zinc electrowinning

“…PANI doped with inorganic acid possesses higher electrical conductivity owing that the extension of molecular chain structure leads to high conjugate degree and close chain packing those are favorable to the transmission of charge in the chain and between the chains (Javadi et al, 1998). The conductive mechanism of doped PANI differs from metal and semiconductor, in which the carriers are composed of "delocalization" π electrons and solitons, polarons or bipolarons formed by doping (Li and Zhao, 2000), which has been described by PEACE Model (Nechtschein et al, 1987;Wang and Wang, 1990), Granular Metal Island Model (Javadi et al, 1989;Lundberg and Salaneck, 1987;Nechtschein et al, 1989) and Monopole and Bipolar Sub-transformation Model (Wang et al, 1991). Meanwhile, PANI has activity surface that exceeds geometric surface and can play a role in selective catalysis to some certain surfaces when used as the electrode materials, for example, the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid at polyaniline film modified glassy carbon electrodes (Dong and Song, 1992), the electrocatalysis of polyaniline film on Fe [II] and Sb [II], the synergistic effects of electrocatalytic oxidation of polyaniline on small organic molecules (DuIć and Griglć, 2001;Mikhaylova et al, 2001;Rajendraprasad and Munichandraiah, 2002) and the same electrocatalytic activity for Pb/PANI and Pt/PANI in acid solutions (Cheraghia et al, 2009).…”