ESR Study of Free Radicals in Electrical Trees in Polyethylene

Bacquet, G.; Dib, J.; Wu, Changyong; Wertheimer, M. R.; Yelon, A.; Densley, J.; Boggs, S.A.

doi:10.1109/tei.1978.298124

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Previously, electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements have been used to demonstrate that radical species are active during electrical tree formation in bulk polyethylene. 9 In addition, Raman spectroscopy has shown that short chain degradation products and conducting graphitic deposits are present in the dark channels which can be formed (carbonisation). 10,11 Finally, infrared spectroscopy has been employed in a number of studies to show that polymer oxidation plays a key role in structural breakdown through exposure to partial discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFM-IR insights into the chemistry of interfacial tracking

2017

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFM-IR insights into the chemistry of interfacial tracking

2017

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“…However, such temperature rise is not significant because the electrical tree area is relatively small and the energy released is relatively low. The electrical trees can also cause significant chemical changes in polymers (Figure d). − The high-energy electrons can ionize or break the polymer chains and generate free radicals, which play an important role in the electrical tree inception (Figure e). − The initial free radicals would gradually erode the surrounding polymer chains through free radical chain reactions, resulting in local low-density regions. The chemical composition of the mechanically damaged area remains almost the same, whereas the electrical damage results in chemical changes and varies the chemical environment in the damaged area.…”

Section: Self-healing Of Electrical Damage In Dielectric Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing Polymers for Electronics and Energy Devices

et al. 2022

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Polymers are extensively exploited as active materials in a variety of electronics and energy devices because of their tailorable electrical properties, mechanical flexibility, facile processability, and they are lightweight. The polymer devices integrated with self-healing ability offer enhanced reliability, durability, and sustainability. In this Review, we provide an update on the major advancements in the applications of self-healing polymers in the devices, including energy devices, electronic components, optoelectronics, and dielectrics. The differences in fundamental mechanisms and healing strategies between mechanical fracture and electrical breakdown of polymers are underlined. The key concepts of self-healing polymer devices for repairing mechanical integrity and restoring their functions and device performance in response to mechanical and electrical damage are outlined. The advantages and limitations of the current approaches to self-healing polymer devices are systematically summarized. Challenges and future research opportunities are highlighted.

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“…Different spectral analysis techniques have been used to analyze the tree area of insulating materials, which contribute to study the formation of the degradation region. For example, polyethylene samples with electrical trees were found to be rich in electron spin resonance signals, which normally stood for free radicals [3]. The results of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectra showed that the number of carbonyl groups (C=O) and double bonds (C=C) in the degradation region were greater than those in normal polyethylene [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical component analysis of electrical treeing in polyethylene by micro-infrared spectroscopy

Huang

Yang

Huo

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Conventional infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the degradation region after electrical treeing in polymers. However, the dimension of the infrared light spot is too large compared with the tree channel, and the position of the light spot is imprecise. Consequently, the micro-infrared spectroscopy is proposed in this paper, which is aim to do chemical analysis for electrical tree area in polyethylene at a micrometer scale. A ramped ac voltage was applied for electrical tree inception in polyethylene, utilizing a wire-plane electrode structure. Slices of samples with electrical trees were then analyzed through micro-infrared spectroscopy. The characteristic group distribution within a selected treeing area was provided through micro-infrared mapping. The experiment results indicated the existence of C=O, C-OH and C-O-C groups, and the content of C-OH and C-O-C groups was more than C=O group. The appearance of C=O group was accompanied with the C-OH group, and the latter absorbance is higher, so it is inferred the C=O group tend to degrade further according to the Norrish type II regime. In addition, not all the electrical tree area had the oxygen containing groups. The material degradation during electrical treeing was discussed with and without oxygen.

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ESR Study of Free Radicals in Electrical Trees in Polyethylene

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

AFM-IR insights into the chemistry of interfacial tracking

AFM-IR insights into the chemistry of interfacial tracking

Self-Healing Polymers for Electronics and Energy Devices

Chemical component analysis of electrical treeing in polyethylene by micro-infrared spectroscopy

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