Essential ecological insights for marine ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning

Crowder, Larry B.; Norse, Elliott A.

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2008.03.012

Cited by 449 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2 A and B). These key sites can be the basis for identifying a comprehensive con- servation strategy with MPAs representing all marine mammals, their ecological roles, and some threats (39,50). The nine key conservation sites selected because of their species richness were along the coasts of Baja California, Northeastern America, Peru, Argentina, Northwestern Africa, South Africa, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distribution and conservation of marine mammals

Pompa

Ehrlich

Ceballos

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

123

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The undersigned authors note the following: "We wish to bring to your attention an issue regarding our PNAS publication referenced above. Although we cite our earlier PNAS publication (see ref. Figs. 2 and 3 display the UWHBs for Hb β-subunit (pdb.1bz0, chain B) and human cellular prion protein (pdb.1qm0) (12)(13)(14). Within the natural interactive context of the Hb subunit, the UWHBs signal crucial binding regions (24): UWHBs (90, 94), (90, 95) are associated with the β-FG corner involved in the quaternary α1β2 interface; UWHB (5, 9) is adjacent to Glu-6 which in sickle cell anemia mutates to Val-6 and is located at the Val-6-(Phe-85, Leu-88) interface in the deoxyHbS fiber."The following text in the section titled 'Toward a Structural Diagnosis' on page 6449 of our text is similar to the text beginning in the last paragraph on page 2392 in ref. 23:The distribution of proteins according to their average extent of hydrogen bond wrapping and their spatial concentration of structural defects is shown in Fig. 5 (see also ref. 23). The sample of 2,811 PDB proteins is large enough to define a reliable abundance distribution with an inflection point at ρ = 6.20. The integration of the distribution over a ρ-interval gives the fraction of proteins whose ρ lies within that range. Of the 2,811 proteins examined, 2,572 have ρ > 6.20, and none of them is known to yield amyloid aggregation under physiological conditions entailing partial retention of structure. Strikingly, relatively few disease-related amyloidogenic proteins are known in the sparsely populated, underwrapped 3.5 < ρ < 6.20 range, with the cellular prion proteins located at the extreme of the spectrum (3.53 < ρ < 3.72)....The range of H-bond wrapping 3.5 < ρ < 4.6 of 20 sampled PDB membrane proteins has been included in Fig. 5 for comparison. As expected, such proteins do not have the stringent H-bond packing requirements of soluble proteins for their H bonds at the lipid interface. Thus, this comparison becomes suggestive in terms of elucidating the driving factor for aggregation in soluble proteins: Although the UWHB constitutes a structural defect in a soluble protein because of its vulnerability to water attack, it is not a structural defect in a membrane protein. The exposure of the polar amide and carbonyl of the unbound state to a nonpolar phase is thermodynamically unfavorable (22). The virtually identical ρ value for human prion and outer-membrane protein A (Fig. 5) is revealing in this regard.Furthermore, all known amyloidogenic proteins that occur naturally in complexed form have sufficient H-bond wrapping within their respective complexes (ρ value near 6.2). Their amyloidogenic propensity appears only under conditions in which the protein is dissociated from the complex (compare Fig. 5). This finding is corroborated by the following computation. If an intramolecular hydrogen bond is underwrapped within the isolated protein molecule but located at an interface upon complexation, then to determine its extent of wrapping within the complex, we take ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distribution and conservation of marine mammals

Pompa

Ehrlich

Ceballos

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

123

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“…To this end, mapping biologically and ecologically important areas together with their associated human uses and political and legal arrangements has been emphasized as an important first step (Crowder & Norse, 2008;Ehler & Douvere, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of goods and services, vulnerability, and conservation status of European seabed biotopes: a stepping stone towards ecosystem-based marine spatial management

et al. 2012

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The goal of ecosystem-based marine spatial management is to maintain marine ecosystems in a healthy, productive and resilient condition; hence, they can sustainably provide the needed goods and services for human welfare. However, the increasing pressures upon the marine realm threaten marine ecosystems, especially seabed biotopes, and thus a well-planned approach of managing use of marine space is essential to achieve sustainability. The relative value of seabed biotopes, evaluated on the basis of goods and services, is an important starting point for the spatial management of marine areas. Herein, 56 types of European seabed biotopes and their related goods, services, sensitivity issues, and conservation status were compiled, the latter referring to management and protection tools which currently apply for these biotopes at European or international level. Fishing activities, especially by benthic trawls, and marine pollution are the main threats to European seabed biotopes. Increased seawater turbidity, dredged sediment disposal, coastal constructions, biological invasions, mining, extraction of raw materials, shipping-related activities, tourism, hydrocarbon exploration, and even some practices of scientific research, also exert substantial pressure. Although some first steps have been taken to protect the European sea beds through international agreements and European and national legislation, a finer scale of classification and assessment of marine biotopes is considered crucial in shaping sound priorities and management guidelines towards the effective conservation and sustainability of European marine resources.

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“…L'accumulation des impacts imposés à la structure et au fonctionnement des écosystèmes du Saint-Laurent demeure toutefois encore largement incomprise, comme ailleurs sur le monde (Halpern et collab., 2008b;Halpern et Fujita, 2013). Les évaluations d'impacts environnementaux canadiennes sont ainsi encore aujourd'hui orientées sur des espèces ou des secteurs uniques et se concentrent davantage sur l'approbation de projets (Dubé et collab., 2006;Duinker et Greig, 2006;Crowder et Norse, 2008).…”

Section: O N S E R V a T I O N / D é V E L O P P E M E N T D U R A unclassified

“…En effet, une approche par secteur ou par espèce est habituellement adoptée lors de l'évaluation des impacts de projets (Dubé et collab., 2006;Crowder et Norse, 2008), ignorant de fait les interactions potentielles de multiples pressions environnementales exercées simultanément. Une image partielle et une approche réactive se dégagent alors des pratiques usuelles d'évaluation des impacts environnementaux, menant plusieurs scientifiques à dénoncer les performances d'un système jugé imparfait et nécessitant une restructuration majeure (Kennett, 1999;Duinker et Greig, 2006).…”

Section: Les Impacts Cumulés Au Canadaunclassified

L’évaluation des impacts cumulés dans l’estuaire et le golfe du Saint-Laurent : vers une planification systémique de l’exploitation des ressources

Beauchesne¹,

Grant²,

Gravel³

et al. 2016

natcan

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L’intensification de l’empreinte humaine dans l’estuaire et le golfe du Saint-Laurent impose une planification systémique de l’exploitation des ressources marines. Une évaluation régionale des impacts cumulés dans le Saint-Laurent demeure pourtant encore attendue. Un nombre important d’activités (p. ex. transport maritime, pêche, aquaculture) caractérise l’exploitation humaine du Saint-Laurent. Ces activités imposent plusieurs stresseurs environnementaux (p. ex. destruction de l’habitat) affichant un chevauchement spatial croissant. Individuellement, ils peuvent affecter la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Imposés simultanément, les stresseurs peuvent agir en synergie et entraîner des effets non linéaires imprévisibles. Ces effets demeurent largement incompris et conséquemment ignorés lors d’évaluations d’impacts environnementaux, qui demeurent orientées sur des espèces ou secteurs uniques et l’approbation de projets. Plusieurs défis relatifs aux impacts cumulés dans le Saint-Laurent doivent être relevés : 1) améliorer l’état des connaissances des impacts de multiples stresseurs sur les écosystèmes, 2) améliorer l’applicabilité des méthodes d’évaluation d’impacts cumulés, 3) identifier des indicateurs d’impacts cumulés, 4) créer un protocole de suivi environnemental et d’impacts humains, et de partage de données et 5) développer une capacité de gestion adaptative pour le Saint-Laurent. La planification systémique de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles au sein du Saint-Laurent nécessitera une vision intégrative de la structure et du fonctionnement des écosystèmes ainsi que des vecteurs de stress qui leur sont imposés. Une telle approche ne sera réalisable que lorsque nous aurons développé les infrastructures et les outils nécessaires à une gestion écosystémique du Saint-Laurent.The intensification of human activity in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) imposes the need for a systematic planning approach for the use of marine resources. There is, however, currently no regional cumulative impact assessment for the St. Lawrence. Many of the human activities in this area (e.g., shipping, fisheries and aquaculture) impose environmental threats (e.g., habitat destruction) that may jeopardize ecosystem structure and function. Increasingly, these threats are overlapping spatially, which induces synergies causing unpredictable non-linear effects on ecosystems. These effects are still poorly understood and consequently neglected in environmental impact assessments, which remain focused on single species or sectors, and on the approval of specific projects. To efficiently evaluate cumulative impacts in the St. Lawrence, it will be important to: 1) improve our knowledge concerning the impacts of multiple threats to ecosystems; 2) improve the accessibility to, and the applicability of, cumulative impact tools; 3) identify relevant human and environmental indicators of cumulative impacts; 4) create a data sharing, and human impact and environmental monitoring protocol; and 5) develop an adaptive ma...

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Essential ecological insights for marine ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning

Cited by 449 publications

References 20 publications

Global distribution and conservation of marine mammals

Global distribution and conservation of marine mammals

Assessment of goods and services, vulnerability, and conservation status of European seabed biotopes: a stepping stone towards ecosystem-based marine spatial management

L’évaluation des impacts cumulés dans l’estuaire et le golfe du Saint-Laurent : vers une planification systémique de l’exploitation des ressources

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