Essential fatty acid deficiency

Holman, Ralph T.

doi:10.1016/0079-6832(71)90030-9

Cited by 336 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 235 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

173

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A deficiency of linoleic acid usually leads to a higher content of n9 trienoic acids, which can be synthesized endogenously. 47 An increased level of plasma 20:3n9 was not demonstrated either in the present study or other schizophrenic patient groups. 48,49 Lack of increased level 20:3n9 was also found in RBC ghost membranes of patients with chronic schizophrenia on and off antipsychotic treatment.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Involving Altered Pufas Pathwayscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia

Kaddurah‐Daouk

McEvoy

Baillie³

et al. 2007

Mol Psychiatry

239

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schizophrenia is associated with impairments in neurotransmitter systems and changes in neuronal membrane phospholipids. Several atypical antipsychotic drugs induce weight gain and hypertriglyceridemia. To date, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation and mapping of global lipid changes in schizophrenia, and upon treatment with antipsychotics. Such mapping could provide novel insights about disease mechanisms and metabolic side effects of therapies used for its treatment. We used a specialized metabolomics platform 'lipidomics' that quantifies over 300 polar and nonpolar lipid metabolites (across seven lipid classes) to evaluate global lipid changes in schizophrenia and upon treatment with three commonly used atypical antipsychotics. Lipid profiles were derived for 50 patients with schizophrenia before and after treatment for 2-3 weeks with olanzapine (n = 20), risperidone (n = 14) or aripiprazole (n = 16). Patients were recruited in two cohorts (study I, n = 27 and study II, n = 23) to permit an internal replication analyses. The change from baseline to post-treatment was then compared among the three drugs. Olanzapine and risperidone affected a much broader range of lipid classes than aripiprazole. Approximately 50 lipids tended to be increased with both risperidone and olanzapine and concentrations of triacylglycerols increased and free fatty acids decreased with both drugs but not with aripiprazole. Phosphatidylethanolamine concentrations that were suppressed in patients with schizophrenia were raised by all three drugs. Drug specific differences were also detected. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified baseline lipid alterations, which correlated with acute treatment response. A more definitive long-term randomized study of these drugs correlating global lipid changes with clinical outcomes could yield biomarkers that define drug-response phenotypes.

show abstract

Section: Possible Mechanisms Involving Altered Pufas Pathwayscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia

Kaddurah‐Daouk

McEvoy

Baillie³

et al. 2007

Mol Psychiatry

239

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The pathological severity of EFAD has been shown to be determined by both onset and duration of the EFA-deficient regime. Independent of the species studied, similar physiological changes have been found in animals fed fat-free or EFA-deprived diets, and impaired reproduction in both sexes have been observed (Holman 1968). Nutritional studies have shown that rats fed diets deficient in EFAs develop testicular atrophy, which cannot be prevented by the inclusion of linolenic acid (Leat et al 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 51%

Essential fatty acid deficiency induces fatty acid desaturase expression in rat epididymis, but not in testis

Sæther¹,

Tran²,

Rootwelt³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On the molecular level, essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) has been associated with induced fatty acid (FA) desaturase expression and activity in several tissues. However, there seem to be exceptions. In the present study, we examine the effects of EFAD in the male rat genital tract, combining FA analysis, gene expression studies, and morphological evaluation of epididymal spermatozoa. When feeding 21-day-old Wistar rats, a fat-free diet for 6 weeks, an increase in 18:1n-9 and 20:3n-9 and a concomitant decrease in the 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6 species are seen in testis, as well as in liver. However, with regard to desaturase expression the rat testis seems to be unresponsive to EFAD conditions, in contrast to other organs studied. In the sexually mature testis none of the desaturases (SCD1, SCD2, D5D, or D6D) are induced in response to lowered contents of polyunsaturated FAs. This also applies to caput epididymis, while EFAD sensitivity is regained in cauda epididymis, where the desaturases are upregulated. The FA profile of epididymal spermatozoa is increasingly affected by EFAD during the transport from testis to cauda epididymis. Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of abnormal spermatozoa is observed in cauda epididymis.

show abstract

“…With Nutrition profile of urban slum dwellers in India A Misra et al widespread and increasing use of vanaspati, intake of trans fatty acid is likely to increase further in the Asian Indian population. This issue is of further concern since trans fatty acids adversely alter the uptake and metabolism of essential fatty acids to an extent that their deficiency may manifest (Holman & Johnson, 1983). This is particularly true if the essential fatty acid intake is low, as in the sample of Asian Indians studied by us.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adverse profile of dietary nutrients, anthropometry and lipids in urban slum dwellers of northern India

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The intra-country rural to urban migrant populations undergo radical socio-economic and lifestyle changes in a developing country. Therefore, it is an interesting sample in which to study nutrition pattern, anthropometry and metabolic profile. The aim of this study was to assess nutrient profile and its association with the anthropometry, percentage body fat (%BF) and blood lipids in the urban slum dwellers in northern India. Design: A cross sectional epidemiological descriptive study. Settings: The study was conducted in urban slum colony of Gautam Nagar, situated in a southern area of New Delhi. Subjects: The data was recorded in 227 subjects (52 males and 175 females). Results: The diets averaged approximately 59 -60% of energy from carbohydrates, 12 -13% energy from protein, and 24 -27% energy from dietary total fat. Lower intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), a low ratio of n6=n-3 fatty acids, a high ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, a high intake of erucic acid, and a low consumption of fibre and vitamin E intake were significant observations. Although their mean body mass index (BMI) was in a low range (20.5 AE 4.2), %BF was high in females (26.7 AE 8.6%; P ¼ 0.001), and a high prevalence of abdominal obesity was observed in both males (22%) and females (16%). Moreover, there was high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and, in particular, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Those consuming a high-fat diet (>30%) also consumed high MUFA, n-3 fatty acids, saturated fat and dietary cholesterol. Carbohydrate intake as percentage energy was a significant predictor of the levels of triacylglycerol in males, while in females significant predictors for triacylglycerol include intake of carbohydrate as percentage energy, age, %BF and BMI. Conclusion: In this economically deprived population, now constituting approximately 30 -50% of the urban population of major cities in India, such adverse dietary, anthropometric and metabolic factors are predictors of early and accelerated atherosclerosis.

show abstract

Essential fatty acid deficiency

Cited by 336 publications

References 235 publications

Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia

Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia

Essential fatty acid deficiency induces fatty acid desaturase expression in rat epididymis, but not in testis

Adverse profile of dietary nutrients, anthropometry and lipids in urban slum dwellers of northern India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About