Essential fatty acids and the brain: From infancy to aging

Yehuda, Shlomo; Rabinovitz, Sharon; Mostofsky, David I.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.09.013

Cited by 186 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Diet is usually considered to be closely associated with the occurrence of AD. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs) are vital for neuronal and brain functions (Yehuda et al, 2005). The main -3 PUFAs include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,20 : 5).…”

Section: Diet Gut Microbiota and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Wang

Jin

2016

Sci. China Life Sci.

300

188

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Section: Diet Gut Microbiota and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Wang

Jin

2016

Sci. China Life Sci.

300

188

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“…Decreased n-3 fatty acids but an increased n-6/n-3 ratio occurs in depressed patients (Maes et al, 1999). Blood concentrations of n-3 fatty acids may reflect n-3 fatty acid levels in the brain because n-3 fatty acids can cross the blood-brain barrier (Edmond, 2001;Yehuda et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Phospholipase A2 Activity and Inflammatory Response But Decreased Nerve Growth Factor Expression in the Olfactory Bulbectomized Rat Model of Depression: Effects of Chronic Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate Treatment

Song¹,

Zhang²,

Manku³

2009

J. Neurosci.

167

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An increased inflammatory response and deficient synthesis of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) may contribute to the etiology of depression. However, the interrelationship between inflammation and NTFs is unknown. Recently, ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA) has been used to treat depression. The mechanism by which EPA benefits depression is also unclear. Using the olfactory bulbectomized (OB) rat model of depression, this study evaluated two pathways from bulbectomy to the induction of depression-like changes (the inflammation-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-stress response pathway and inflammation-nerve growth factor-memory pathway) and the effect of EPA on these pathways. When compared with sham-operated rats fed a control diet, significantly increased locomotor and rearing activities in an "open field," impaired memory in the Morris water maze, increased expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), and increased secretion of corticosterone were found in OB rats. mRNA expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) was significantly lower in the hippocampus, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was higher in the hypothalamus; this change was associated with increased interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the serum and brain. EPA treatments normalized these behavioral impairments and reduced CRF expression and corticosterone secretion. EPA also reduced serum concentrations of IL-1␤ and PGE2, but reversed NGF reduction. Similar to the effects of EPA, the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib significantly reduced blood PGE2, IL-1␤, and corticosterone concentrations and increased NGF expression in OB rats. Furthermore, anti-NGF treatment blocked EPA effects on behavior. These results suggest that an interaction exists between inflammation and NGF in the depression model. EPA may improve depression via its anti-inflammation properties and the upregulation of NGF.

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“…It is well established that the nutritional deficiencies (and excesses) can affect the child's brain and change the development and subsequent behaviour permanently. These deficiencies generate effects that begin in childhood but can extend to aging with symptoms of immunity impairment, gastrointestinal disorders, circulatory disorders, growth retardation and sterility [23]. In addition to these symptoms, the lack of essential fatty acids in the diet has been implicated in the development or worsening of breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, preeclampsia, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Figure 2).…”

Section: The Consequences Of Lacking Of Lcpufas During the First Thoumentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization during the First Thousand Days of Child through Dietary Supplement with Lc-Pufas: Systematic Review of the Literature

Silva¹,

Reis²,

Sc³

et al. 2017

Matern Pediatr Nutr

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Objective: To describe data on effects of LC-PUFAS in neuronal formation in the first thousand days of a child. Methods:A systematic review of 23 articles in the first quarter of 2015 from 2003 to 2015 in Medline, Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Languages: Portuguese, English and Spanish. Headings (MeSH): fatty acids; arachidonic acid; Omega 3; Omega-6; infant formula; child development; child nutrition; synapses and neurogenesis; child development; child nutrition; synapses and neurogenesis. Inclusion criteria: the LC-PUFAS approach, neuronal training and the first thousand days of children, isolated or associated. Results:The first thousand days of a child involving rapid growth and physical and mental development. There is no evidence that the foetus has docosahexaenoic acid omega 3 family (DHA) sufficient to meet the demand of its neuronal metabolism. Observational studies indicate that DHA intake during pregnancy promotes a variety of positive results in the development of the newborn. The postnatal supplementation with LC-PUFAs for breastfeeding or formula with LC-PUFAs, if not exclusive breastfeeding is associated with better neurological development indices.Conclusion: supplementation with LC-PUFAs is essential to improve the neurological development of children. The intake of DHA promotes better cognitive and visual results compared to no feeding of the substance.

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Essential fatty acids and the brain: From infancy to aging

Cited by 186 publications

References 36 publications

Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Increased Phospholipase A2 Activity and Inflammatory Response But Decreased Nerve Growth Factor Expression in the Olfactory Bulbectomized Rat Model of Depression: Effects of Chronic Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate Treatment

Optimization during the First Thousand Days of Child through Dietary Supplement with Lc-Pufas: Systematic Review of the Literature

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