Essential fatty acids deficiency in humans

Yamanaka, William K.; Clemans, Gordon W.; Hutchinson, Martha L.

doi:10.1016/0163-7827(80)90004-1

Cited by 70 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 114 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…a-Linolenic acid and LA are exclusively diet-derived, whereas DHA and AA can be endogenously synthesized via desaturation and elongation, or consumed in food (Yamanaka et al, 1980;Tinoco, 1982;Cook et al, 1983;Sprecher, 1986). Docosahexaenoic acid and AA enhance growth in term and preterm infants (Clandinin et al, 1980, ) and have been shown to affect visual acuity and maturation of the visual cortex Birch et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and anthropometric indices of children in rural China

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To define fatty acid and macronutrient intakes in a rural Chinese preschool population, and relate these intakes to anthropometric indices. Design: Cross-sectional survey of anthropometry and diet (three 24-h recalls). National Centers for Health Statistics/World Health Organization growth reference charts were used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (z-scores less than À2 standard deviation (s.d.) below the mean): height-for-age (stunted), weight-for-age (underweight), weight-for-height (wasted) and mid-upper-arm-circumference-for-age (low fat/muscle). Subjects and setting: A total of 196 children aged 1-5 years old were volunteered by their families to participate in the survey, located in Heqing County, Yunnan Province, China. Results: The respective prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting and low fat/muscle was: 38, 21, 2 and 8%. Daily intakes of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6), a-linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n-3), arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), averaged for all children, were 2 10071200, 3007250, 55735 and 307140 mg/day, respectively. As percent of total fat intake, LA contributed 11.9%, LNA 1.8%, AA 0.3% and DHA 0.2%. Height-for-age and weight-for-age z-scores were negatively correlated with g/kg/day intake of LA and AA (Po0.05). Weight-for-height z-score was negatively correlated with AA g/kg/day intake (Po0.05). Conclusions: This study provided polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intakes in rural preschool children in a developing country. The associations of PUFA intake with early childhood growth suggest that growth in preschool-aged children could be significantly and specifically related to n-6 fatty acid intakes. Sponsorship: ECOFund and NSERC.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and anthropometric indices of children in rural China

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It appears that the effects of EFA deficiency are not mediated through gross alterations in humoral or cellular immunity, as these immunologic functions are basically intact in EFA-deficient animals (41). Two alternative (and not mutually exclusive) explanations for the beneficial effects of the deficiency state in autoimmune disease are under consideration .…”

Section: Table V Hepatic Fatty Acid Analysis Of Dp-bb Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of diabetes in the BB rat by essential fatty acid deficiency. Relationship between physiological and biochemical changes.

Lefkowith

Schreiner

Cormier

et al. 1990

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency exerts a striking protective effect in several animal models of autoimmune disease. We now report that EFA deprivation prevents diabetes in the BB rat, an animal model of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In diabetes-prone (DP)-BB rats, the incidences of spontaneous diabetes and insulitis (the pathological substrate of autoimmune diabetes) were greatly reduced by EFA deficiency. This beneficial effect of the deficiency state was also seen in diabetes-resistant (DR)-BB rats that, after treatment with antibody to eliminate RT6+ T cells, would otherwise have become diabetic. The susceptibility of EFA-deprived DP-BB rats to spontaneous diabetes was restored when they were given dietary supplements of linoleate at 70 d of age (during the usual period of susceptibility), but not when they were repleted beginning at 120 d (after the peak incidence of diabetes). EFA deficiency did lead to growth retardation, but calorically restricted control rats demonstrated that the protective effect of the deficiency state was not a function of decreased weight. To examine the relationship between the biochemical changes of EFA deficiency and its physiological effects in this system, we compared the fatty acid changes that occurred in EFA-deficient animals that did and did not develop diabetes. Nondiabetic animals had significantly lower levels of (n-6) fatty acids (i.e., linoleate and arachidonate) and higher levels of oleate, an (n-9) fatty acid, than did diabetic animals. Levels of 20:3(n-9), the fatty acid that uniquely characterizes EFA deficiency, were similar in both groups, however. Among diabetic EFA-deficient rats, the age at onset of diabetes was found to correlate inversely with the level of (n-6) fatty acids, the least depleted animals becoming diabetic earliest, whereas there was no correlation with levels of 20:3(n-9). Among animals repleted with linoleate beginning at 70 d, restoration of susceptibility to diabetes correlated with normalization of the level of arachidonate. In summary, EFA deprivation reduced the frequency of diabetes in both DP and RT6-depleted DR-BB rats. This protective effect was strongly associated with depletion of (n-6) fatty acids, particularly arachidonate, but not with accumulation of the abnormal 20:3(n-9). Conjecturally, arachidonate and/or a metabolite may play a key role in mediating inflammatory injury in this animal model of autoimmune diabetes.

show abstract

“…In healthy adults, the dietary requirement for the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, may be 1-2% of total energy or 7.5 g per day [2] and 0.2-0.3% of total energy for cY-linolenic acid [8]. The cirrhotic patients tested in the present study consumed only 6.3 g linoleic acid per day (3% of total energy) and 0.36% of energy as a -linolenic acid from the standard liver diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reason for the decrease [1]. Two PUFA, linoleic acid (C 1 8:2w-6) and cr-linolenic acid (C18:3-3), c~are known to be essential for man [2]. Arachidonic acid (C20: 4w-6), which can be synthesized from linoleic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid (020:5 w-3) are found in abundance in fish oil and are a precursor of various prostanoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Supplemented Diet on Altered Composition of Plasma Fatty Acids in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Okita

Watanabe

Tsuji

1989

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Essential fatty acids deficiency in humans

Cited by 70 publications

References 114 publications

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and anthropometric indices of children in rural China

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and anthropometric indices of children in rural China

Prevention of diabetes in the BB rat by essential fatty acid deficiency. Relationship between physiological and biochemical changes.

Beneficial Effect Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Supplemented Diet on Altered Composition of Plasma Fatty Acids in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About