Essential Oil Composition of Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. at Different Harvest Stages

Abstract

Thymus is represented by 39 species (60 taxa) in Turkey and the rate of its endemism is 45% in Turkey. The herb is widely used for several purposes. Its essential oil compositions and biologically active substances are affected by the phenological stages. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the variations in the essential oil composition of Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. growing in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey at different phenological stages (pre-flowering, full flowering, post flowering). The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples. The yields of oils (w/w %) at different phenological stages was respectively 2.0% at pre-flowering state, 1.9% at flowering stage, and 1.3% at post-flowering stage. T. × citriodorus was determined mainly by using GC/MS. A total of 21 compounds, representing 93.9% in the preflowering stage, 98.8% in the flowering stage and 98.91% in post-flowering of the total oil, were identified. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (terpinolene) and oxygenated monoterpenes (α-terpineol) were observed to have the highest percentage in T. × citriodorus oil. The major compounds of the oil were terpinolene, α-terpineol, linalool, bornyl acetate and borneol. The highest percentage of terpinolene was determined to be 71% in flowering stages.

Composition of Lavandula angustifolia L. cultivated in Transylvania, Romania

“…Linalool is an aromatic monoterpene, also identified in high amounts in other aromatic herbs (Toncer et al, 2017;Ilić et al, 2019), and it is considered as having effects in decreasing anxiety (Moss and Oliver, 2012;Chioca el al., 2013), but also as anticonvulsant, sedative or antidepressant (Shahabi et al, 2014). It is considered as main responsible for Lavandula angustifolia L. essential oil anxiolytic effects (Trombeta et al, 2005;Kasper et al, 2010), by inhibiting serotonin reuptake and increasing the level of serotonin (Cowen et al, 2015).…”

Application of Lemongrass as Natural Preservatives for Tofu

“…This phenomenon is considered under genetic control as proven in essential oil of Lippia integrifolia (Marcial et al, 2016). Other than that, geographical origins, different harvest stages, and harvest seasons also highly affect the ratio of main compounds of the essential oils derived from a given plant species (Ciccarelli et al, 2016;Pimentel et al, 2018;Toncer et al, 2017). In this study, 97.60% of the lemongrass essential oil was terpenoids.…”

Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Origanum onites (L.): A Review

“…As far as our literature survey could ascertain, five phenylpropanoids ( 135 – 139 ) were deducted in small percentages (0.22 – 0.04%) in the oil of O. onites .…”

“…As a result of phytochemical analyses, the following seven different essential oil chemotypes were identified: carvacrol , thymol , linalool , carvacrol + linalool, carvacrol + 1,8‐cineol + γ ‐terpinene, carvacrol + 1,8‐cineol + linalool, and carvacrol + γ ‐terpinene . Effects of environmental factors, such as insect and/or fungi infections , populational differences , climatic conditions , developmental/ontogenetic stages , diurnal variation , plant type (wild‐cultivated), and isolation technique on the oil composition have also been reported by several researchers.…”