Essential oil content and composition ofAchillea biebersteiniiAfan. in different plant parts and phenological stages

Abstract

In this study, the essential oil content and composition of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. at different phenological stages including vegetative, floral budding, full flowering (leaves, stems and flowers) and fruit set were studied by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GC-MS). All oil samples from different plant parts and phenological stages were mostly made up of monoterpenoid compounds (88.6 -99.6%), especially oxygenated ones (52.4 -82.4%). The oil of the vegetative stage contained high amounts of limonene, 4aa-7b-7aa-nepetalactone, p-cymene and 1,8-cineole. The major constituents in the flower budding stage oil were found to be limonene, 1,8-cineole and 4aa-7b-7aa-nepetalactone. In the oil of the fruit set stage, c-terpinene, p-cymene and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate were the predominant constituents. On the other hand, the most important compounds from the stem oil were 4aa-7a-7aa-nepetalactone, 1,8-cineole, 4aa-7b-7aa-nepetalactone and camphor. 4aa-7a-7aa-nepetalactone, limonene, 1,8-cineole and cisp-menth-2-en-1-ol were found in high concentration in the oil of leaves, whereas 4aa-7a-7aa-nepetalactone, 4aa-7b-7aa-nepetalactone, limonene and p-cymene were present in large amounts in the oil of flowers.

Variation in Essential Oil Composition, Bioactive Compounds, Anatomical and Antioxidant Activity of Achillea aucheri, an Endemic Species of Iran, at Different Phenological Stages

“…Similarly, the results were also in agreement with those of a previous research by Sardrodi et al, [39] in which the yield of the essential oil of A. aucheri collected at different growing altitudes ranged from 0.68 to 0.95 % (v/w). Similar results was also obtained in A. biebersteinii, [22] Artemisia chamaemelifolia, [10] Rosmarinus officinalis, [40] Ocimum ciliatum, [36] Origanum majorana [41] and Thymus maroccanus, [42] which revealed high yields of essential oil at the flowering stage. The changes of the oil quantity and quality can highly be affected by the plant growing time [43] and the germplasm.…”

“…[11] There are limited researches on the effect of phenological stages in Achillea species including A. biebersteinii. [22] To the best of our knowledge, there is no report in respect to the secondary metabolites and anatomical variation in A. aucheri. Moreover, most of the previous researches were focused on essential oil components and there are no comprehensive reports on the essential oil composition, phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of Achillea species during different developmental stages.…”

“…Flavonoids are also considered as a subfamily of polyphenols with various biological activities. [21] The antioxidant activity of different Achillea genera has been studied in many species such as A. biebersteini, [22] A. wilhemsii, [23] A. collina, [24] A. millefolium, [25] A. pachycephala, A. aucheri [26] and A. kellalensis. [27] Anatomical traits can also be changed remarkably during different phenological stages.…”

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Achillea biebersteinii

“…Essential oils with free radicals scavenging capacity may play an important role in preventing those diseases [17]. Ascorbic acid 0.00178 ± 2.30 X 10 -6 0.00155 ± 4.71 X 10 -5 0.00189 ± 4.72 X 10 -5 a The IC 50 values were obtained from the generated sigmoidal curves of plotting the mean percentages of scavenging activity vs. logarithmic concentrations of A. biebersteinii essential oil (in g/ml) using non-linear regression analysis of GraphPad Prism 6 software.…”

Medicinal plants used for dermatological disorders among the people of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A narrative review

“…Locally it is known as “Aldefera” in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, there are four Achillea species ( Mirahmadi et al, 2012 , Al-Said et al, 2016 ). In folk medical practice, the areal part of the plant is used for topical application in cutaneous leishmaniasis and as an insect repellent ( Akbar and Al-Yahya, 2011 ).…”