Essential Oil Variability of Azorean Cryptomeria japonica Leaves under Different Distillation Methods, Part 2: Molluscicidal Activity and Brine Shrimp Lethality

Abstract

This study reports on the in vivo molluscicidal activity and Artemia salina lethality of Azorean Cryptomeria japonica leaf (CJL) essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and water-steam distillation (WSD) techniques, especially in light of the recent focus on the use of forestry and wood industry residues in a sustainable world economy. Molluscicidal activity was performed during several life stages of Radix peregra by the immersion method, under laboratory conditions. A first screening through a single-dose bioassay revealed that both EOs were highly active towards eggs, juveniles and adult snails (ca. 100% mortality). Concentration- and time-toxicity assays were carried out only on adult snails to determine the lethal parameters (LC50;90 and LT50;90). The LC50 values were 33 and 62 µg/mL for EO–WSD and EO–HD, respectively, after 48 h. The LT50 of EO–WSD required only 21 h for both 16 h and continous exposure periods, while that of EO–HD was slighty superior (21.8–25.6 h). Although not significant, EO–WSD was also slightly more toxic against A. salina than EO–HD (LC50 = 98 and 115 µg/mL after 24 h, respectively). In conclusion, Azorean CJL EOs, which are rich in α-pinene (mostly EO–WSD), have huge potential to be used as safe raw materials for the development of natural molluscicide products to control snails responsible for transmitting fascioliasis.

Essential Oils from Azorean Cryptomeria japonica Female Cones at Different Developmental Stages: Variations in the Yields and Chemical Compositions

“…Previous research by the authors on Azorean C. japonica EO, intended to improve the commercial value of this eco-friendly natural product, revealed that their composition and bioactivity are influenced by the different distillation methods used [10,17]. In addition, in our earlier study [8] on the biological properties of EOs extracted via hydrodistillation (HD) from different parts of Azorean C. japonica, we observed that FC EO was the most promising source of multi-bioactivities.…”

Essential Oils from Different Parts of Azorean Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don (Cupressaceae): Comparison of the Yields, Chemical Compositions, and Biological Properties

“…In addition, monoterpene hydrocarbons dominated in Azorean C. japonica leaf EO, while oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes are the major terpene fraction in C. japonica leaf EOs from East Asia countries [7]. Concerning the biological activity of Azorean C. japonica leaf EO, previous investigations revealed their potential as a natural biocide, namely as a bactericide, fungicide [13], and molluscicide against Radix peregra (Müller), which is a crucial vector of fascioliasis, a disease with a high impact on public health, as well as on animal production losses and consequent economic costs [14]. Many other bioactivities of C. japonica leaf EO samples from other countries have been reported, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimelanogenesis, antioxidant, an-titussive, antiulcer, anxiolytic, cancer chemopreventive, neuropharmacological, whitening, antitermite, mosquito larvicidal, mosquito repellent, and silverfish repellent properties ( [11] and the references therein).…”

“…high impact on public health, as well as on animal production losses and conseq economic costs [14]. Many other bioactivities of C. japonica leaf EO samples from countries have been reported, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimelanogen antioxidant, antitussive, antiulcer, anxiolytic, cancer chemopreven neuropharmacological, whitening, antitermite, mosquito larvicidal, mosquito repe and silverfish repellent properties ( [11] and the references therein).…”

Chemical Compositions and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Sawdust and Resin-Rich Bark from Azorean Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae)

“…However, these C. japonica biomass residues (CJBR) are still raw materials that can be converted into value-added products, such as EOs. In fact, the EOs extracted from different CJBR (mainly leaves, bark, and heartwood) exhibit several bioactivities, including molluscicide, mosquito larvicidal, mosquito repellent, termiticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, and neuropharmacological effects, namely anxiolytic, analgesic, and soothing properties [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”