Essential oils nano-emulsion confers resistance against Penicillium digitatum in 'Newhall' navel orange by promoting phenylpropanoid metabolism

Yang, Ruopeng; Miao, Jinyu; Chen, Xiu; Chen, Chuying; Simal-Gandara, Jesus; Chen, Jinyin; Wan, Chunpeng

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115297

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The activity of disease resistance-related enzymes in passion fruit gradually decreases during the ripening process, and then the fruit gradually decays with aging. Treatment with eugenol in the current study could better maintain the activity of disease-resistant enzymes and increase the disease resistance of the fruit, which is similar to the results obtained by Yang [47] in citrus fruits. Overall, eugenol reduces the decay caused by pathogen infection by inducing the expression of resistance genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Inhibitory Mechanism of Eugenol on Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Its Induced Disease Resistance of Passion Fruit

et al. 2023

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The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of eugenol were studied in pathogenic fungi that were isolated from passion fruit affected with naturally occurring fruit rot; additionally, the effect of eugenol treatment on fruit rot resistance in passion fruit was investigated. The corresponding results demonstrated that the pathogenic fungus causing passion fruit rot was Lasiodiplodia theobromae and that the minimal inhibitory concentration of eugenol against L. theobromae was 0.30 mg/mL. Eugenol significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of this fruit rot fungus. Further, nucleic acid release, electrical conductivity, and protein and soluble sugar content of the fruit rot fungus gradually increased with increasing eugenol concentrations. Propidium iodide staining revealed that the cell membrane integrity of L. theobromae hyphae was disrupted when treated with eugenol. In addition, eugenol treatment inhibited the spread of disease spot diameter after inoculation with L. theobromae, effectively increased APX, SOD, CAT, POD, 4CL, C4H, and PAL activities, promoted the accumulation of disease-stage-related proteins CHI and GLU, and increased the total phenol and flavonoid content during storage in passion fruit. Overall, these results suggest that eugenol has good application prospects for the effective control of fruit rot in passion fruit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Inhibitory Mechanism of Eugenol on Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Its Induced Disease Resistance of Passion Fruit

et al. 2023

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“…The phenolic content of lemons at harvest and after 35 days of cold storage only increased in those cases where the fruits were treated with a combination of EOs as follows; carvacrol and thymol, carvacrol and eugenol, and carvacrol, eugenol, and thymol. This increase in the phenolic content has already been reported in lemons [22], oranges [27,28], and mandarins [60] treated with EOs. Although the combination of the three EOs did not provide the best decay incidence, it was still lower than the fungal incidence presented in the control lemons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Further, the antifungal effect of the studied EOs when they were applied in postharvest fruits has also been widely studied in citrus against Penicillium spp. [21,28], Alternaria alternata [27], and G. citri-aurantii [18,22], among others. In addition, previous studies have achieved a reduction in fungal decay after dipping postharvest lemons in a solution of wax, carvacrol, and thymol at different concentrations [21,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different study using the dipping method looked at the effect of Thymus vulgaris, whose main components are carvacrol and thymol, on "Navel" oranges, resulting in a great reduction in fruit decay at 400 µL/L [27]. Further, a recent study has applied carvacrol and eugenol nano-emulsions to "Newhall" navel oranges to confer resistance against P. digitatum [28]. In "Valencia" oranges, the optimal concentration of Thymus vulgaris applied in postharvest that achieved the highest fungal decay reduction was 1000 µL/L [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Preharvest Application of Essential Oils (Carvacrol, Eugenol, and Thymol) Reduces Fungal Decay in Lemons

et al. 2023

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Lemon postharvest losses are mainly due to the presence of fungal diseases. Current postharvest decay strategies rely on synthetic chemical fungicides; however, consumers are demanding that fruit is free of any chemical residue. The use of new natural alternatives, including essential oils, is emerging due to their potential antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the aim of this work is the elucidation of the effect of carvacrol, eugenol, and thymol, individually and in combination, applied in preharvest. Three different concentrations (100, 500, and 1000 µL/mL) of carvacrol, eugenol, and thymol were individually applied and in combination in ‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’ lemon cultivars. The fungal incidence (mainly Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum) was evaluated weekly for 35 days. Moreover, the main different quality parameters (weight loss, firmness, colour, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenolic content) of lemons were evaluated at harvest and after 35 days of cold storage. The results showed that carvacrol at the lowest concentration (100 µL/L) provided the lowest fungal incidence with a non-negative effect on the lemon quality parameters during storage, while the highest concentrations and the combination of essential oils resulted in the opposite effect. Therefore, carvacrol applied at 100 µL/L in preharvest could be an eco-friendly alternative to the current fungicides to control lemon decay, while maintaining their optimal quality.

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“…Studies are exploring safe alternatives to replace conventional fungicides, such as biological control, essential oils, antimicrobial peptides, salicylic acid, organic and inorganic salts, and volatile compounds with antimicrobial action. 6,19,[26][27][28][29] However, to our knowledge, this is the first time that LA has been tested against the postharvest pathogen P. italicum.…”

Section: Identification Of the Fungal Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levulinic acid as a strategy for control of postharvest citrus blue mold by a newly isolated Penicillium italicum

Bazoti,

Camargo,

Bonatto

et al. 2024

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDLevulinic acid (LA) is a multifunctional compound that is relevant to the economy of bio‐based chemical products. Citrus sinensis, the Valencia variety, is one of the world's most consumed citrus fruit varieties but suffers significant losses due to blue mold infestation. This research evaluated the inhibitory action of unpurified levulinic acid obtained from watermelon residues against the fungus Penicillium italicum, proposing a new use as a fungal inhibitor.RESULTSLA was evaluated in in vitro tests and inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus. In in vivo experiments with oranges, fungal proliferation in fruits was investigated by applying a crude mixture containing LA (43 mM) and formic acid (FA, 28 mM), comparing with FA alone and negative control (without inhibitory agent). The weight loss and disease incidence results decreased when LA was used as an inhibitory agent, with no negative impacts on fruit quality being observed. Its inhibitory effect was confirmed by determining the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), where there was no increase in activities due to inhibition of the fungus before its proliferation in the fruits.CONCLUSIONThis study provides relevant data on the new use of raw LA as an antifungal agent, an effect still unexplored for this compound in recent literature, offering a practical and innovative solution to combat blue mold.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Essential oils nano-emulsion confers resistance against Penicillium digitatum in 'Newhall' navel orange by promoting phenylpropanoid metabolism

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

The Inhibitory Mechanism of Eugenol on Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Its Induced Disease Resistance of Passion Fruit

The Inhibitory Mechanism of Eugenol on Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Its Induced Disease Resistance of Passion Fruit

The Preharvest Application of Essential Oils (Carvacrol, Eugenol, and Thymol) Reduces Fungal Decay in Lemons

Levulinic acid as a strategy for control of postharvest citrus blue mold by a newly isolated Penicillium italicum

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