Essential oils from leaves and stems of Phlomis lurestanica at the flowering stage were extracted by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed using Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Twenty-eight and twenty-five compounds were identified in the stems and leaves, respectively. The main compounds of stems were α-pinene (12.40%), γ-cadinene (10.92%), and γ-elemene (6.46%). Hexadecane (8.97%), 2-dodecnenal (6.57%), and heptadecane (6.32%) were the major constituents in the essential oils of the leaves. The methanol extracts of stems and leaves were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and β-carotene/ linoleic acid tests. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, the leaves (IC 50 = 1168.9 µg/ml) have stronger antioxidant activity than the stems (IC 50 = 1563.6 µg/ml). The extracts of the leaves and stems showed remarkable antioxidant activity in β-carotene/linoleic acid assay (96.2% and 95%, respectively). The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the species were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl 3 assays, respectively. The phenol and flavonoid contents of the leaves (301.0 µg/ml and 45.2 µg/ml, respectively) were observed more than the stems (172.3 µg/mg and 18.8 µg/mg, respectively).
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