Essential Oils of the Leaf, Stem-Bark, and Nut ofArtocarpus camansi: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Abstract

The volatile composition of the leaf, stem-bark, and nut of Artocarpus camansi (Moraceae) were studied. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevengertype apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 32, 11, and 26 compounds were identified, representing 99.09%, 99.45%, and 99.89% of the leaf, stem-bark, and nut oils, respectively. The main constituents of the leaf oil were m-xylene (36.82%), myristaldehyde (25.36%), phytol (6.21%), ethyl benzene(7.25%); those of the stem-bark were m-xylene (61.32%), o-xylene (18.76%), and ethyl benzene (16.21%); while the components of the nut oil were lanosteryl acetate (23.9%), olean-12-en-3y acetate (23.63%), 24-methylene cycloartenol (17.57%), mxylene (15.26%), and squalene (2.85%). The leaf oils showed low activity against Shigella flexenari, Epidermic MethicilinResistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-17), Epidermic Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-16), drugresistant clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DRPA) and moderate activity against Samonella typhi. The stem-bark oil showed low activity toward P. aeruginosa and EMRSA-17 but was moderately active toward Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The nut oil also showed low significant activity toward P. aeruginosa, EMRSA-17, and EMRSA-16, and was active toward E. coli, S. flexenari, S. typhi, and drug-resistant clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa. ARTICLE HISTORY

<em></em><em>Artocarpus Camansi</em> Blanco: A Review on Its Traditional Use, Nutritional Value, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

“…Microplate alamar blue assay were conducted using various organisms: Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi. Various parts of the plant exhibited varying inhibition at 20 ug/ml [55]. Another study also reported the antibacterial activity of A. camansi leaves that was macerated using various organic solvent with different polarity.…”

Keluwih (Artocarpus camansi Blanco): Potential utilization as foodstuff and its bioactivity

“…Antimicrobial compounds are compounds that can inhibit the growth or cause death of microbes. The use of AC as an antimicrobial has been reported such as Ante et al [25], Amelia [6] (2020) and Noah and Ogunfowote [20].…”

“…The AC extract inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexenari, Salmonella typhi, and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa [25], S. dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis [6]. The inhibitory power of AC extract fights bacteria by punching holes in the bacterial cell membrane, leading to the release of nucleic acids and proteins and cell death [6].…”

“…The volatile composition of leaf oil, bark and seeds of AC varies so that their bioactivity also varies. The ability of leaf, stem bark and seed extracts to inhibit drug-resistant E. coli, S. flexenari, S. typhi, and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa is related to the volatile oil content [25]. The ability of AC extract to inhibit the growth of bacteria varied depending on the compounds used in the extraction, the organ and the characteristics of the bacteria.…”

Variation in pre-extraction processes influences the differences in chemical constituent, quantity and biochemical activities of volatile oils from Crinum jagus (Th.) D.: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis

“…Despite the great potential of Crinum species as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, no scientific data regarding the chemical composition and biological potential of essential oil from C. jagus has been reported. Essential oil from the aromatic plant has been studied by many researchers using various drying methods, in order to increase the yield by reducing the moisture content [7][8][9][10][11]. However, far too little attention has been paid to the effect of the process on the constituent and bioactivity.…”