Essential Role of Multi-Omics Approaches in the Study of Retinal Vascular Diseases

Abstract

Retinal vascular disease is a highly prevalent vision-threatening ocular disease in the global population; however, its exact mechanism remains unclear. The expansion of omics technologies has revolutionized a new medical research methodology that combines multiple omics data derived from the same patients to generate multi-dimensional and multi-evidence-supported holistic inferences, providing unprecedented opportunities to elucidate the information flow of complex multi-factorial diseases. In this review, we summarize the applications of multi-omics technology to further elucidate the pathogenesis and complex molecular mechanisms underlying retinal vascular diseases. Moreover, we proposed multi-omics-based biomarker and therapeutic strategy discovery methodologies to optimize clinical and basic medicinal research approaches to retinal vascular diseases. Finally, the opportunities, current challenges, and future prospects of multi-omics analyses in retinal vascular disease studies are discussed in detail.

Application of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids in inherited retinal diseases

“…Although IRDs occur due to mutations in the causative gene, the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear, and more effective treatment strategies are to be discovered [ 114 , 115 ]. With advances in high-throughput sequencing technology, genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and single cell-omics are frequently used in research to better understand biological processes at the gene, protein, and metabolic levels and discover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets [ 116 ]. However, single omics data is insufficient for studying systems biology across multiple levels.…”