Essential Role of Vitamin C and Zinc in Child Immunity and Health

Maggini, Silvia; Wenzlaff, S; Hornig, D.

doi:10.1177/147323001003800203

Cited by 106 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 240 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Congenital AE occurs worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 1 per 500,000 children, while it has been estimated that more than 2 × 10 9 people have a nutritional deficiency for Zn in developing countries (3,8). It is even estimated that a considerable proportion of the Western population is at risk of marginal Zn deficiency (12,13). Conditional Zn deficiencies also occur in many diseases and abnormal conditions, including malabsorption syndrome, chronic liver and renal diseases, sickle cell disease, excessive intake of alcohol, malignancies, and other chronic debilitating conditions (1,3,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe dermatitis with loss of epidermal Langerhans cells in human and mouse zinc deficiency

Kawamura

Ogawa²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2012

J. Clin. Invest.

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Zinc deficiency can be an inherited disorder, in which case it is known as acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE), or an acquired disorder caused by low dietary intake of zinc. Even though zinc deficiency diminishes cellular and humoral immunity, patients develop immunostimulating skin inflammation. Here, we have demonstrated that despite diminished allergic contact dermatitis in mice fed a zinc-deficient (ZD) diet, irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in these mice was more severe and prolonged than that in controls. Further, histological examination of ICD lesions in ZD mice revealed subcorneal vacuolization and epidermal pallor, histological features of AE. Consistent with the fact that ATP release from chemically injured keratinocytes serves as a causative mediator of ICD, we found that the severe ICD response in ZD mice was attenuated by local injection of soluble nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase. In addition, skin tissue from ZD mice with ICD showed increased levels of ATP, as did cultured wild-type keratinocytes treated with chemical irritants and the zinc-chelating reagent TPEN. Interestingly, numbers of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), which play a protective role against ATP-mediated inflammatory signals, were decreased in ZD mice as well as samples from ZD patients. These findings suggest that upon exposure to irritants, aberrant ATP release from keratinocytes and impaired LC-dependent hydrolysis of nucleotides may be important in the pathogenesis of AE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe dermatitis with loss of epidermal Langerhans cells in human and mouse zinc deficiency

Kawamura

Ogawa²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2012

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Vitamin C is required in the growth process through its role in collagen synthesis, through hydroxylation of proline and lysine into hydroxyproline, an important material for collagen synthesis, and a protein affecting the structural integrity of the cells in all connective tissues, such as cartilage. Normal collagen cannot be formed without the presence of vitamin C. (6) Children with vitamin C deficiency will experience inhibition the formation of structural proteins and collagens thus inhibiting the growth process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a person with vitamin C deficiency, the latter will inhibit the formation of structural proteins and collagens, thus inhibiting the growth process. (6) In this connection, few studies have been conducted on vitamin C as a risk factor of stunting in the underfives.…”

Section: Original Article Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc deficiency as risk factor for stunting among children aged 2-5 years

Bening

Margawati

Rosidi

2017

UnivMed

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BACKGROUNDStunting is a nutritional problem in the form of linear growth disturbance caused by low intake of macro-and micronutrients. The prevalence of stunting in children aged 2-5 years in Semarang is higher in well-to-do families (67.2%) than in poor families (32.8%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of low adequacy levels of vitamin C, iron, zinc and low food expenditure as risk factors of stunting among children aged 2-5 years.

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“…It is well known that vitamin C acts as immunity-promoter along with vitamin E in the anti-oxidative process, being considered micronutrients necessary to maintain physiologic functions and body integrity (18). Vitamin C deficiency affects physical and mental growth in children in a negative way and may cause immune deficiencies (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Las deficiencias más significativas de macro y micro nutrientes en adolescentes que viven con el VIH/sida en terapia anti-retroviral

Pereira¹,

Miraglia²,

Schmitz³

et al. 2016

Nutr Hosp

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ResumenObjetivo: identificar la ingestión alimentaria de macro y micronutrientes en adolescentes viviendo con VIH/sida que usan terapia anti-retroviral y compararlos a las Dietary Reference Intakes. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado con adolescentes de ambos sexos con VIH/sida, en el que se evaluó la composición dietética de macro y micronutrientes a través del recordatorio alimentario de 24h. Resultados: 39 adolescentes con una edad promedio de 15 años, un 51,3% del sexo masculino. Los participantes consumieron menos calorías totales en la dieta, fibra total (Los porcentajes de ingestión por debajo de lo recomendado representaron el 79,5% para las calorías, el 82,1% para la fibra total, el 89,7% para la vitamina A, el 100% para la vitamina D, el 87,2% para la vitamina E, el 100% para la vitamina K, el 71,8% para la vitamina B5, el 82,1% para la vitamina B9, el 76,9% para la vitamina C, el 92,3% para el calcio, el 61,5% para el fósforo, el 97,4% para el potasio y el 76,9% para el magnesio. Los participantes consumían más carbohidratos (g), proteínas (g), vitaminas B2 (mg/d), B3 (mg/d), B8 (mg/d) y sodio (g/d) de lo recomendado, representando porcentajes por encima de la ingestión del 92,3% para los hidratos de carbono, del 64,1% para las proteínas y la vitamina B2, del 56,4% para la vitamina B3, del 82,1% para la vitamina B8 y del 59% para el sodio. Los demás nutrientes estaban dentro de lo recomendado por las DRIs. Conclusión: el consumo alimentario fue inadecuado en comparación con lo recomendado por las Directrices Internacionales de Nutrición.The most significant deficiencies in macro and micro nutrients in adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in antiretroviral therapy was lower than recommended. The percentages of intake lower than recommended were 79.5% for calories, 82.1% for total fibers, 89.7% for vitamin A, 100% for vitamin D, 87.2% for vitamin E, 100% for vitamin K, 71.8% for vitamin B5, 82.1% for vitamin B9, 76.9% for vitamin C, 92.3% for calcium, 61.5% for phosphorus, 97.4% for potassium, and 76.9% for magnesium. The participants ingested more carbohydrates (g), proteins (g), vitamins B2 (mg/d), B3 (mg/d), B8 (mg/d) and sodium (g/d) than recommended, the percentages above the recommendations being 92.3% for carbohydrates, 64.1% for proteins and vitamin B2, 56.4% for vitamin B3, 82.1% for vitamin B8, and 59% for sodium. The remaining nutrients were within the amounts recommended by the DRIs.

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Essential Role of Vitamin C and Zinc in Child Immunity and Health

Cited by 106 publications

References 240 publications

Severe dermatitis with loss of epidermal Langerhans cells in human and mouse zinc deficiency

Severe dermatitis with loss of epidermal Langerhans cells in human and mouse zinc deficiency

Zinc deficiency as risk factor for stunting among children aged 2-5 years

Las deficiencias más significativas de macro y micro nutrientes en adolescentes que viven con el VIH/sida en terapia anti-retroviral

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