Essential thrombocythaemia in the dog and cat: a report of four cases

Evans, R. J.; Jones, David; Jones, Timothy J.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1982.tb03775.x

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…A high level of basophils (2.4 x iog/litre), accompanied by eosinophilia, has been reported in a case of ET in a dog (Hopper and others 1989). Eosinophilia was also reported in two other dogs diagnosed as having ET (Evans andothers 1982, Degen andothers 1989). In man, basophil levels are reported to increase in chronic myeloproliferative disorders, including ET.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…From the necropsy reports, the bone marrow, spleen, liver and lymph nodes were commonly infiltrated with neoplastic cells of the megakaryocytic line. Myelofibrosis was reported in one dog (Rudolph and Hubner 1972). ET has been reported in two cats (Evans andothers 1982, Hammer andothers 1990) and six dogs (Evans and others 1982, Mandell and others 1988, Degen and others 1989, Hopper and others 1989, Simpson and others 1990). Age of animals, time course before presentation (two weeks to four months) and clinical signs overlapped greatly with reported cases of MbL in dogs and cats.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Myeloproliferative disorder involving the megakaryocytic line

Canfield

Church

Russ

1993

J of Small Animal Practice

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Myeloproliferative disorders involving the megakaryocytic line are uncommon but in recent years several reports have come from North America and the United Kingdom describing megakaryoblastic leukaemia (MbL) and a particular form called essential thrombocythaemia (ET). This article reports a myeloproliferative disorder in a dog that was ultimately designated as MbL on the basis of the presence of circulating blast cells and thrombocythaemia, and of multi‐organ infiltration and myelofibrosis. It comments on the difficulties of diagnosing such a condition and reviews previously published articles on MbL and ET in dogs and cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 95%

Myeloproliferative disorder involving the megakaryocytic line

Canfield

Church

Russ

1993

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Reactive thrombocytosis has rarely resulted in platelet counts recorded over 1,000 × 10 3 /µl and is often impermanent [5,16]. The present case had prominent (3,940 × 10 3 / µl) and persistent (approximate 5 months) thrombocytosis and did not have any other histories and diseases inducing thrombocytosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Canine cases of ET rarely showed symptoms of thrombosis or hemorrhage and clinical sings of them are nonspecific [1,3,5,6,11,16,18]. Hematological findings in dogs with ET indicated persistent marked thrombocytosis with morphologic abnormality and hypercoagulation and bone marrow examination revealed marked megakaryocytic hyperplasia without blastocytosis [1,3,5,6,11,[16][17][18]. Diagnosis of ET involves ruling out other causes of thrombocytosis and treatment has not yet been established.…”

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confidence: 99%

Essential Thrombocythemia in a Dog

Mizukoshi

Fujino

Kuniyoshi

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A two-year old male Welsh Corgi was referred for persistent thrombocytosis and occasional seizure. Hematological findings indicated marked thrombocytosis, eosinophilia, basophilia and moderate anemia. Bone marrow examination revealed marked megakaryocytic hyperplasia with morphologic abnormality. A diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia was made and the treatment was initiated with combination chemotherapy and maintained by prednisolone and busulfan. The dog successfully achieved complete remission on 100 days after initial presentation and has been good in health without chemotherapy since then. KEY WORDS: busulfan, essential thrombocythemia, seizure.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(11): 1203-1206, 2006 Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is one of myeloproliferative disorders characterized by the proliferation of a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell, leading to expansion of the megakaryocytic compartment in bone marrow, and the excessive and presumably autonomous production of structurally and functionally abnormal platelets [10,16]. The clinical signs in humans with ET are occasionally related to microvascular thrombosis or bleeding [13,14]. Although a number of human patients have contracted ET, limited cases have been reported in dogs so far. Canine cases of ET rarely showed symptoms of thrombosis or hemorrhage and clinical sings of them are nonspecific [1,3,5,6,11,16,18]. Hematological findings in dogs with ET indicated persistent marked thrombocytosis with morphologic abnormality and hypercoagulation and bone marrow examination revealed marked megakaryocytic hyperplasia without blastocytosis [1,3,5,6,11,[16][17][18]. Diagnosis of ET involves ruling out other causes of thrombocytosis and treatment has not yet been established. This report describes clinicopathological features and therapy in a dog with ET.A two-year old intact male Welsh Corgi was referred for 3 months history of persistent thrombocytosis and seizure in case of exercising and exciting. Mixed vaccination and heartworm prophylaxis were performed every year. The dog had mild weight loss, pale mucous membranes and rectal temperature of 39.5°C. All other aspects of physical examination including auscultatory sound, pulse pressure and neurological examination were unremarkable. Hematological findings were characterized by nonregenerative anemia (packed cell volume [PCV], 22%), marked thrombocytosis (3,940 × 10 3 /µl) and leukocytosis (46,400/ µl) including eosinophilia (7,190/µl), basophilia (10,440/µl) and unclassified cells (6,730/µl) ( Table 1). Abnormal thrombocyte morphology including hypogranular platelets, giant platelets and micromegakaryocytes were observed on the peripheral blood smear (Fig. 1). The results of blood biochemistry showed increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 804 U/l), potassium (K, 5.5 mmol/l), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 3,380 U/l) with dominant fraction of LDH5 and vitamin B 12 (VB 12 , 558 pg/ml) ( Table 1). Bone marrow examination was performed on day 1 and revealed normal cellularity and marked thrombocytosis. Megaka...

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“…PV is due to EPO-independent cell proliferation; therefore, serum EPO is normal or decreased, whereas secondary polycythemia results from increased EPO production, (eg, with systemic chronic hypoxemia or localized hypoxemia due to a primary renal lesion) or elaboration of an aberrant EPO-like product by a nonmyeloid neoplasm. 54,76 Essential thrombocythemia has been reported in several dogs 6,22,26,29,31,47,88,93 and cats. 29,43 In most cases ET was characterized by marked and persistent peripheral thrombocytosis and megakaryocytic hyperplasia in marrow.…”

Section: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms-animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Markers for Myeloid Neoplasms

et al. 2010

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Myeloid neoplasms include cancers associated with both rapid (acute myeloid leukemias) and gradual (myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms) disease progression. Percentage of blast cells in marrow is used to separate acute (rapid) from chronic (gradual) and is the most consistently applied prognostic marker in veterinary medicine. However, since there is marked variation in tumor progression within groups, there is a need for more complex schemes to stratify animals into specific risk groups. In people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), pretreatment karyotyping and molecular genetic analysis have greater utility as prognostic markers than morphologic and immunologic phenotypes. Karyotyping is not available as a prognostic marker for AML in dogs and cats, but progress in molecular genetics has created optimism about the eventual ability of veterinarians to discern conditions potentially responsive to medical intervention. In people with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), detailed prognostic scoring systems have been devised that use various combinations of blast cell percentage, hematocrit, platelet counts, unilineal versus multilineal cytopenias and dysplasia, karyotype, gender, age, immunophenotype, transfusion dependence, and colony-forming assays. Predictors of outcome for animals with MDS have been limited to blast cell percentage, anemia versus multilineal cytopenias, and morphologic phenotype. Prognostic markers for myeloproliferative neoplasms (eg, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia) include clinical and hematological factors and in people also include cytogenetics and molecular genetics. Validation of prognostic markers for myeloid neoplasms in animals has been thwarted by the lack of a large case series that requires cooperation across institutions and veterinary specialties. Future progress requires overcoming these barriers.

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Essential thrombocythaemia in the dog and cat: a report of four cases

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Myeloproliferative disorder involving the megakaryocytic line

Myeloproliferative disorder involving the megakaryocytic line

Essential Thrombocythemia in a Dog

Prognostic Markers for Myeloid Neoplasms

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