Essentials of Medical Physiology

Sembulingam, K; Sembulingam, Prema

doi:10.5005/jp/books/11696

Cited by 83 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Albumin also carries vital nutrients, hormones, and proteins required to clot blood properly (Sembulingam, 2012). If the liver and/or kidneys are not functioning properly, serum albumins will not be at their normal levels (Sembulingam, 2012). In this study, there was no significant difference in albumin level between the control group and groups B (tween 20), C (MO), D (Pb) and E (Pb+MO).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The increase in plasma urea level in group B compared with the control may be as a result of diminished protein synthesis in group B. Albumin is produced in the liver and is one of the most abundant protein in blood plasma, a proper balance of albumin is required to keep fluid from leaking out of blood vessels. Albumin also carries vital nutrients, hormones, and proteins required to clot blood properly (Sembulingam, 2012). If the liver and/or kidneys are not functioning properly, serum albumins will not be at their normal levels (Sembulingam, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usefulness of the kidney in our body cannot be overemphasized. Its major roles are to maintain internal environment which allow maximum cellular function as well as to remove toxic substances that are generated by metabolism (Sembulingam, 2012). Nephrotoxicity is a poisonous effect of some substances such as toxic chemicals and medication, on the kidney.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microanatomy and histomorphometry analysis of the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on lead-induced kidney damage in adult wistar rats

Olatunji¹,

Adewole²,

Ayannuga³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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This study evaluated the effects of lead exposure on the histoarchitecture of kidney, assessed the effects of lead on the levels of creatinine, urea and albumin in the plasma and determined the effects of M. oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) on the histoarchitecture of kidney in Wistar rats after lead-induced kidney damage. This was with a view to providing information on the ameliorative effects of M. oleifera leaf extract on lead-induced kidney damage. Thirty adult male Wistar rats weighing 120 -180 g were used for this study. Kidney damage was experimentally induced by daily administration of lead acetate (50 mg/kg/day) for a period of 14 days. The test groups were treated with the M. oleifera leaf extract (100 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. At the end of treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were excised for histological and histomorphometric studies. Markers of renal function were biochemically determined in the plasma using enzyme calorimetric assay kit. Histomorphological examinations of the stained kidney sections revealed that 100 mg/kg of MOLE had no adverse effects on the kidney of group C rats as the morphology of kidney of the rats in this group were normal and comparable with that of groups A and B. However, deleterious effects such as distortion of Bowman's capsule with diminished glomerular space, structural alteration of proximal and distal convoluted tubules were observed in the kidney of group D rats following lead-induced damage. Treatment with MOLE protected the kidneys of groups E and F rats from lead-induced damage as the renal morphology appeared normal. The results of biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in the plasma level of urea (F=203.9, p = 0.0001), and creatinine (F= 7.42, p = 0.0002), in group D rats (56.79 ± 0.06 g/l, 2.91 ± 0.07 mg/dl), respectively compared with groups A (14.02±1.53 g/l, 2.33 ± 0.06 mg/dl), B (50.44±1.75 g/l, 2.54 ± 0.06 mg/dl), C (58.91±2.95 g/ l, 2.42 ± 0.11 mg/dl), E (12.18±1.45 g/l, 2.45 ± 0.08 mg/dl) and F (7.48±1.00 g/l, 2.39 ± 0.08 mg/dl) respectively. This is an indication of impaired renal function. Also, the results of the histomorphometry analysis showed a significant decrease in the number of glomeruli present in each photomicrograph and the diameter of the urinary space in group D respectively compared with groups A, B, C, E and F. This study showed that treatment with Moringa oleifera prevented the toxicity brought about by lead exposure and this is evidenced by an enhancement in the glomerular morphology and clearly seen renal tubules. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Moringa oleifera leaf extract had ameliorative and protective properties on lead-induced kidney injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microanatomy and histomorphometry analysis of the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on lead-induced kidney damage in adult wistar rats

Olatunji¹,

Adewole²,

Ayannuga³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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“…The nature of bioelectric signals is weak so while recording, it has more affinity to attract the surrounding noise. Electroencephalogram (EEG) [10] is the study of electrical activity of the brain which represents graphical recording of electrical activity of large number of neurons and synapses. While recording EEG the different stationary and nonstationary noises are added, such as external noise like AC power lines, surrounding electrical equipments and physiological noises like electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Noise in Nonstationary Signals Using Derivative of NLMS Algorithm

Rathnakara¹,

Udayashankara²

2017

IJIGSP

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Abstract-In this paper a new Normalized Least mean square (NLMS) algorithm is proposed by modifying Error-data normalized step-size algorithm (EDNSS). The performance of proposed algorithm is tested for nonstationary signals like speech and Electroencephalogram (EEG). The simulations of above is carried by adding stationary and nonstationary Gaussian noise , with original speech taken from standard IEEE sentence (SP23) of NOIZEUS data base and EEG taken from EEG database (sccn.ucsd.edu). The output of proposed and EDNSS algorithm are measured with excess mean square error (EMSE) in both stationary and non stationary environment. The results can be appreciated that the proposed algorithm gives improved result over EDNSS algorithm and also the speed of convergence is maintained same as other NLMS algorithms.

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“…Renal failure refers to decline of excretory functions of kidney and it is usually characterized by decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) which results in the abnormal retention of blood urea and serum creatinine which must be excreted [3]. Environmental pollution is a serious cause for concern nowadays and the exposure of humans to heavy metals released into the environment by several sources produces deleterious and lethal effects [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrations in Renal Function Parameters Following Oral Administration of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium-Induced Kidney Damage in Adult Wistar Rats

Olubunmi¹

2017

JDMP

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Abstract:Renal disease has been found to be the ninth leading cause of death. Environmental pollution is a serious cause for concern nowadays and the exposure of humans to heavy metals released into the environment by several sources produces deleterious and lethal effects. Cadmium (Cd) which is a non-essential heavy metal known to possess toxic effects on living things can be found almost anywhere and its toxicity is of concern to industrial workers and all humans due to its use in some industrial products and also in agriculture. The chief organ of toxic impact in the human is the kidney, where the proximal tubule is a major target of Cd deposition. The present study investigated if ethanolic extract of Chanca Piedra (CP) (Phyllantus amarus) has any prophylactic or ameliorative effects against nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium sulphate in adult male Wistar rats. A total of forty-two (42) adult male Wistar rats were used for this study and were divided into seven (7) groups (n=6) as follows: Group A (control), Group B (40mg/kg BW), Group C (100mg/kg BW of CP and 40mg/kg BW of Cd), Group D (200mg/kg BW of CP and 40mg/kg BW), Group E (40mg/kg BW and 100mg/kg BW of CP), Group F (40mg/kg BW and 200mg/kg BW of CP), Group G (200mg/kg BW of CP). Both cadmium and Chanca Piedra were administered orally through oro-gastric cannula. Results showed that exposure to Cd lowered the activities of the kidney by increasing the plasma creatinine and urea levels. Exposure to CP also lowered the activities of the kidney by increasing the plasma creatinine and urea levels. The findings suggest that the administration of CP extract has no prophylactic or ameliorative effects on cadmium induced kidney damage and continue use of this extracts in the treatment of some diseases may be deleterious to the kidney.

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Essentials of Medical Physiology

Cited by 83 publications

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Microanatomy and histomorphometry analysis of the effects of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract on lead-induced kidney damage in adult wistar rats

Microanatomy and histomorphometry analysis of the effects of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract on lead-induced kidney damage in adult wistar rats

Estimation of Noise in Nonstationary Signals Using Derivative of NLMS Algorithm

Aberrations in Renal Function Parameters Following Oral Administration of <i>Phyllanthus amarus</i> in Cadmium-Induced Kidney Damage in Adult Wistar Rats

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Essentials of Medical Physiology

Cited by 83 publications

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Microanatomy and histomorphometry analysis of the effects of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract on lead-induced kidney damage in adult wistar rats

Microanatomy and histomorphometry analysis of the effects of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract on lead-induced kidney damage in adult wistar rats

Estimation of Noise in Nonstationary Signals Using Derivative of NLMS Algorithm

Aberrations in Renal Function Parameters Following Oral Administration of &lt;i&gt;Phyllanthus amarus&lt;/i&gt; in Cadmium-Induced Kidney Damage in Adult Wistar Rats

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Aberrations in Renal Function Parameters Following Oral Administration of <i>Phyllanthus amarus</i> in Cadmium-Induced Kidney Damage in Adult Wistar Rats