Establishing a link between complex courtyard spaces and thermal comfort: A major advancement in evidence-based design

Wu, Renzhi; Fang, Xiaoshan; Brown, Robert; Liu, Shuang; Zhao, Huihui

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110852

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Equation (3) of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was considered to carry out a correlation [69][70][71][72] of the WBGT, SET, PT, PET and mPET indices with the UTCI index:…”

Section: Correlation Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Hot Summer Region of Europe

Sánchez Jiménez,

Ruiz de Adana

2024

Atmosphere

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Heat waves are increasingly frequent in Europe, especially in South European countries during the summer season. The intensity and frequency of these heat waves have increased significantly in recent years. Spain, as one of the southern European countries most affected by these recurring heat waves, particularly experiences this phenomenon in touristic cities such as Cordoba. The aim of this study was to perform an experimental assessment of outdoor thermal comfort in a typical three-hour tourist walkable path of the historical center of Cordoba. The experimental study was carried out in the three-hour period of higher temperatures from 16:30 to 19:30 h CEST (UTC+2) on a normal summer day (6 July 2023), a day with a heat wave (28 June 2023) and a day with a higher heat intensity, called a super heat wave (10 August 2023). Environmental conditions such as a radiant temperature, ambient temperature, wet bulb temperature, air velocity and relative humidity were measured at three different heights corresponding to 0.1 (ankles), 0.7 (abdomen) and 1.7 (head) m. The results show extremely high levels of heat stress in all bioclimatic indices throughout the route. Cumulative heat stress ranged from “very hot” conditions at the beginning of the route to becoming “highly sweltering” at the end of the route. The average temperature excess over the thermal comfort threshold was very high and increased with the heat intensity. In addition, a correlation analysis was carried out between the bioclimatic indices studied, with the UTCI index standing out for its strong correlation with other thermal comfort indices. The findings emphasize the need for interventions to improve the urban environment and promote better outdoor thermal comfort for city dwellers through measures such as green infrastructure, UHI mitigation and increasing public awareness.

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“…Equation (3) of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was considered to carry out a correlation [69][70][71][72] of the WBGT, SET, PT, PET and mPET indices with the UTCI index:…”

Section: Correlation Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Hot Summer Region of Europe

Sánchez Jiménez,

Ruiz de Adana

2024

Atmosphere

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Research on Building Environment Optimization Based on Niche Genetic Algorithm

Jin,

Li,

Chen

2024

International Conference on Algorithms, Software Engineering, and Network Security

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Optimizing educational environments: microclimate analysis and energy efficiency through courtyard orientation in UAE schools

Salameh,

Touqan

2024

Front. Built Environ.

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Sustainable school design is becoming increasingly important worldwide, particularly in the UAE, where schools are significant energy consumers. This study explores the impact of courtyard orientation on microclimate and energy consumption in UAE schools, utilizing a standardized template applied across 70 existing schools. By employing advanced simulation tools, ENVI-met and IES-ve software, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of air temperature and energy use related to different courtyard orientations, specifically on key dates of September 21st and March 21st, representing seasonal variations. The results indicate that North-facing courtyards consistently provide cooler microclimates compared to other orientations. Specifically, North-facing courtyards showed temperature reductions of 1.31°C in September and 1.9°C in March compared to the least favorable orientations. This orientation recorded the lowest average mass temperatures of 29.36°C in September and 25.13°C in March, surpassing the West-facing orientation by 0.39°C and 0.45°C, respectively. The primary factor for this improvement is the reduced solar radiation exposure on East-West aligned courtyards, which significantly lowers the heat gain. Additionally, the study assessed Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) readings and cooling demands, both of which were found to be lower in North-facing courtyards. Cooling load reductions varied between 1% and 4%, depending on the day, further emphasizing the efficiency of this orientation. These findings suggest that strategic courtyard orientation is a critical design consideration for enhancing thermal comfort and energy efficiency in school buildings. The implications of this research are significant for sustainable design and construction practices. By highlighting the benefits of optimal courtyard orientation, this study offers practical solutions for reducing energy consumption and improving the indoor and outdoor thermal environments of schools. These insights contribute to the broader goal of developing greener, more sustainable educational facilities, particularly in hot climates like the UAE. This research not only informs architects and urban planners but also supports policymakers in implementing effective sustainability strategies in the educational sector.

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Establishing a link between complex courtyard spaces and thermal comfort: A major advancement in evidence-based design

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Hot Summer Region of Europe

Assessment of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Hot Summer Region of Europe

Research on Building Environment Optimization Based on Niche Genetic Algorithm

Optimizing educational environments: microclimate analysis and energy efficiency through courtyard orientation in UAE schools

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