Establishing a reference range for normal canine tympanic membrane temperature measured with a veterinary aural thermometer

Hall, Emily J.; Carter, Anne

doi:10.1080/17415349.2017.1377133

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The reference range of temperature from canines in an indoor setting was 37.9°C (range 34.3°C-38.9°C), while the temperature readings for canines in an outdoor setting was 37.7°C (range 36.2°C-39.1°C). Carter found the reference interval of auricular temperature in canines to be 36.6°C-38.8°C, which is lower than the company reported (37.7°C-39.4°C) (Hall and Carter, 2017b).…”

Section: Auricular Temperaturescontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…However, auricular temperatures may be more variant in breeds of dogs than size alone. A study carried out by Hall and Carter (2017a;2017b) examined the accuracy of auricular thermometers relative to rectal temperature. Rectal temperature was taken with a calibrated Vicks digital thermometer and Vet-Temp VT-150 Instant Ear Thermometer (Hall and Carter, 2017a).…”

Section: Auricular Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exercise was also unstandardized which could have led to some canines having a higher temperature than others. Another study conveyed by Hall and Carter (2017a;2017b) examined the reference range of auricular temperature in canines. Canines of various breeds (n = 157) were divided into two groups, pet canines and sport canines.…”

Section: Auricular Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing alternatives to canine rectal thermometry at the axillary, auricular and ocular locations

Kahng¹,

Brundage²

2020

Open Vet J.

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Body temperature is an important component in the diagnosis and treatment of disease in canines. The rectal temperature remains the standard of obtaining temperature within the clinical setting, but there are many drawbacks with this method, including time, access, animal stress, and safety concerns. Interest in using infrared thermometry in canines to obtain body temperature has grown as animal scientists and veterinarians search for non-invasive and non-contact methods and locations of obtaining canine temperatures. Here, we review evidence on axillary, auricular, and ocular region canine thermometry and the degree to which measurements in these locations are representative of rectal temperature values. Instrumentation refinement and development, as well as morphologic differences, play an important role in the potential correlation between the rectal temperature and these other locations. These caveats have yet to be fully addressed in the literature, limiting the options for those seeking alternatives to rectal thermometry.

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Section: Auricular Temperaturescontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Auricular Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Auricular Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing alternatives to canine rectal thermometry at the axillary, auricular and ocular locations

Kahng¹,

Brundage²

2020

Open Vet J.

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“…Aural thermometers under-report body temperature when compared to rectal temperature in dogs, by around 0.4 o C when measured with an animal specific device (Gomart et al, 2014;Hall and Carter, 2017a;Zanghi, 2016), and by around 1.3 o C using a human aural thermometer (Piccone et al, 2011). It is therefore important to use an animal specific thermometer and an appropriate reference range when interpreting ear temperature readings (Hall and Carter, 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating factors affecting the body temperature of dogs competing in cross country (canicross) races in the UK

Carter

Hall

2018

Journal of Thermal Biology

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Increasing numbers of people are running with their dogs, particularly in harness through the sport canicross. Whilst canicross races are typically held in the winter months, some human centred events are encouraging running with dogs in summer months, potentially putting dogs at risk of heat related injuries, including heatstroke. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of ambient conditions and running speed on post-race temperature of canicross dogs in the UK, and investigate the potential risk of heatstroke to canicross racing dogs. The effects of canine characteristics (e.g. gender, coat colour) were explored in order to identify factors that could increase the risk of exercise-induced hyperthermia (defined as body temperature exceeding the upper normal limit of 38.8°C).108 dogs were recruited from 10 race days, where ambient conditions ranged from - 5 to 11°C measured as universal thermal comfort index (UTCI). 281 post race tympanic membrane temperatures were recorded, ranging from 37.0-42.5°C. There was a weak correlation between speed and post-race temperature (r = 0.269, P < 0.001). Whilst no correlation between any single environmental factor or UTCI and post-race temperature was found, the proportion of dogs developing exercise-induced hyperthermia during the race increased with UTCI (r = 0.688, P = 0.028). Male dogs (χ(1) = 18.286, P < 0.001), and dark coated dogs (χ(2) = 8.234, P = 0.014), were significantly more likely to finish the race with a temperature exceeding 40.6°C. Prolonged elevati°n of body temperature above this temperature is likely to cause heatstroke. At every race dogs exceeded this critical temperature, with 10.7% (n = 30) of the overall study population exceeding this temperature throughout the study period. The results suggest male dogs, dark coloured dogs, and increased speed of running all increase the risk of heatstroke in racing canicross dogs. Further research is required to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on post-race cooling, to better understand safe running conditions for dogs.

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“…Healthy dogs' normal TMT range is reported to be 36.8-38.8°C (Hall & Carter, 2017). A Braun ThermoScan ® 3 (IRT3030; Kronberg, Germany) was chosen for use as the aural device in this study, usually sold for use on human infants.…”

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost-effective, simple measure of emotional response in the brain for use by behavioral biologists

O’Hara

Worsley

2019

Biologia Futura

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Background and aims: Studies combining brain activity measures with behavior have the potential to reveal more about animal cognition than either on their own. However, brain measure procedures in animal studies are often practically challenging and cost-prohibitive. Therefore, we test whether a simple measure of ear temperature can be used to index hemispheric brain activation using a handheld thermoscanner. Cortisol levels are correlated with the activation of the right cortical region, implying that, when stressful situations are experienced, increased right hemisphere activation occurs. This leads to corresponding locally detectable increases in ipsilateral ear temperature. Methods: We compared rightand left-ear temperatures of 32 domestic dogs under non-stressful and partially stressful conditions. Results: We detected significant elevations in right-ear temperaturebut not leftear temperaturerelative to baseline readings in the partially stressful condition that were not detected in the non-stressful condition. Discussion: These findings provide encouraging support for the notion that tympanic membrane temperature readings can provide a simple index for canine hemispheric brain activation, which can be combined with data on behavioral decision-making, expectancy violations, or other measures of emotional processing. Devices are cheap, simple to use, portable, and only minimally invasive providing a means for realtime brain and behavior measurements to be conducted in real-world settings.

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Establishing a reference range for normal canine tympanic membrane temperature measured with a veterinary aural thermometer

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Comparing alternatives to canine rectal thermometry at the axillary, auricular and ocular locations

Comparing alternatives to canine rectal thermometry at the axillary, auricular and ocular locations

Investigating factors affecting the body temperature of dogs competing in cross country (canicross) races in the UK

A cost-effective, simple measure of emotional response in the brain for use by behavioral biologists

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