Establishing the health risks of exposure to radiofrequency fields requires multidisciplinary research

Hietanen, Maila

doi:10.5271/sjweh.994

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There is no agreement on which might be most important for possible adverse effects on reproductive health. The effects caused by temperature rise are basically understood; this may reduce sperm quality [32]. However, the existence of non-thermal effects is more hotly debated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspring

2008

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Concern is growing about exposure to electromagnetic fields and male reproductive health. The authors performed a cross-sectional study among military men employed in the Royal Norwegian Navy, including information about work close to equipment emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, one-year infertility, children and sex of the offspring. Among 10,497 respondents, 22% had worked close to high-frequency aerials to a "high" or "very high" degree. Infertility increased significantly along with increasing self-reported exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. In a logistic regression, odds ratio (OR) for infertility among those who had worked closer than 10 m from high-frequency aerials to a "very high" degree relative to those who reported no work near high-frequency aerials was 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46-2.37), adjusted for age, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and exposure to organic solvents, welding and lead. Similar adjusted OR for those exposed to a "high", "some" and "low" degree were 1.93 (95% CI: 1.55-2.40), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.25-1.84), and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.15-1.68), respectively. In all age groups there were significant linear trends with higher prevalence of involuntary childlessness with higher self-reported exposure to radiofrequency fields. However, the degree of exposure to radiofrequency radiation and the number of children were not associated. For self-reported exposure both to high-frequency aerials and communication equipment there were significant linear trends with lower ratio of boys to girls at birth when the father reported a higher degree of radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspring

2008

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“…However, effects have been reported in animal brain tissue morphology and physiological activities eISSN 1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com (Salford et al, 2003;Odaci et al, 2008;Bas et al, 2009a;2009b;Maskey et al, 2010). One particularly controversial suggestion is that the use of mobile phones may be able to contribute to malignant pathologies such as brain tumors (Hardell et al, 1999;2006; and developmental anomalies (Bas et al, 2009a;2009b;Sonmez et al, 2010). We therefore think that this study will represent a significant contribution to the literature.…”

Section: Physical Examination and Histopathological Observationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Controversy still surrounds the potential side-effects of EMFs emitted by mobile phones on the human central nervous system (Hietanen, 2006;Corle et al, 2012). However, effects have been reported in animal brain tissue morphology and physiological activities eISSN 1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com (Salford et al, 2003;Odaci et al, 2008;Bas et al, 2009a;2009b;Maskey et al, 2010).…”

Section: Physical Examination and Histopathological Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a 900 Megahertz Electromagnetic Field on Hippocampus Morphology and Learning Behavior in Rat Pups

et al. 2013

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on hippocampus morphology and learning behavior in rat pups following prenatal exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF). Female Sprague Dawley rats weighing 180-250 g were left to mate with males. The following day, pregnant rats identified as such by the vaginal smear test were divided into two groups, control (n=3) and EMF (n=3). No procedures were performed on the control group. The rats in the EMF group were exposed to 900 MHz EMF on days 13 to 21 of pregnancy, for 1 h a day. Female rat pups were removed from their mothers at 22 days old. We then established two newborn rat groups, a 13 member control group and a 10 member EMF group. Radial arm maze and passive avoidance tests were used to measure rat pups' learning and memory performance. All rats were decapitated on the postnatal 32nd day. Routine histological procedures were performed on the brain tissues, and sections were stained with Cresyl fast violet. The radial arm maze (p=0.007) and passive avoidance (p=0.032) tests were administered to both groups under identical conditions, and compromised learning behavior was determined in the EMF group rats. Morphological compromise was also determined in the EMF group sections. Our results show that the application of a 900 MHz EMF in the prenatal period adversely affected female pups' learning behavior and also resulted in histopathological changes appearing in the hippocampus.

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“…In addition to a great number of studies that have shown the carcinogenic effects of electromagnetic waves on experimental animals, the effects of using cell phones, especially very close to the brain, on the central nervous system have been the subject of many scientific studies. However, despite molecular studies of experimental animals and epidemiologic studies of humans, the effects of radiofrequency EMF on the central nervous system are still a topic for discussion (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of caffeine on neuron number of rats exposed to 900-MHz electromagnetic field

2018

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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IntroductionRecently, an increasing number of studies have investigated whether an electromagnetic field (EMF) has harmful effects on human health. The number of masses influenced by the radiofrequency waves radiated by base stations and cell phones increases as time goes by. In particular cell phones, which provide useful services to humans, are thought to have many harmful effects (1). The effects of EMF on the tissues and organs of human beings are frequently investigated (2). The most outstanding of these are studies that present the effects of EMF on central nervous system diseases and brain functions.Radio waves that occupy the frequency range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz are forms of electromagnetic energy. The devices working in this frequency range form an impact area called radiofrequency EMF. Cell phones operate in the frequency range of 800-2600 MHz. The third-and fourthgeneration mobile phones use microwaves of 1800-2100 MHz whereas second-generation phones operate at 900 MHz, which is still the most commonly used mobile communication system (3).Since developing tissues and organs are very sensitive to harmful agents, the potential harmful effects of microwaves on children have been assessed in the agenda of the World Health Organization since 2006, and continuous studies are being conducted on the subject (4). A wide-scale casecontrol study conducted by two different research centers has examined the relationship between brain tumors and cell phone use. One of these studies found a significant association between cell phone use and malignant brain tumors (4). On the other hand, another study reported that cell phone use of 10 years did not increase the risk for acoustic neuroma, and it was also mentioned that 10year cell phone use was not long enough for neuroma development. (5). Exposure to 900-MHz EMF was shown to decrease the number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum (3).Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), is a psychostimulant consumed in great amounts in Western countries (6). This purine alkaloid, which has a formula of C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 , is found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, various soft drinks, and cacao. In addition, it is naturally found in the fruits, seeds, and leaves of many plants (7).Although it changes from person to person, people generally consume some caffeine every day without even realizing it. A brewed coffee drink of 437 mL contains an average of 188 mg of caffeine. The caffeine concentration in coffee beans can differ between 0.01 mg/g and 19.9 mg/g.

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Establishing the health risks of exposure to radiofrequency fields requires multidisciplinary research

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspring

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspring

The Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a 900 Megahertz Electromagnetic Field on Hippocampus Morphology and Learning Behavior in Rat Pups

The effect of caffeine on neuron number of rats exposed to 900-MHz electromagnetic field

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