Establishing the Interface Layer on the Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Surface via In Situ Reaction

Abstract

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) was coated by tannic acid (TA), polydopamine (PDA), and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins via in situ reaction to prepare PETN@TA, PETN@PDA, and PETN@MF microcapsules for reducing sensitivity and enhancing thermal stability of PETN. The coating effects of TA, PDA, and MF shells on PETN surfaces are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The structures of PETN@TA, PETN@PDA, and PETN@MF microcapsules are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectra. The performances of PETN@TA, PETN@PDA, and PETN@MF microcapsules are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, accelerating rate calorimetry, explosion point, vacuum deflation volume, and mechanical sensitivity. The study results show that TA, PDA, and MF shells can coat the PETN surface well. Compared with pure PETN, the explosion point has an increase while the vacuum deflation volume and mechanical sensitivity have a decrease for PETN@TA, PETN@PDA, and PETN@MF microcapsules, illustrating that the safeties of PETN@TA, PETN@PDA, and PETN@MF microcapsules are enhanced. In addition, the initial decomposition temperature (T 0 ) and peak decomposition temperature (T p ) of PETN@TA, PETN@PDA, and PETN@ MF microcapsules have a slight increase, demonstrating that the thermal stabilities of PETN@TA, PETN@PDA, and PETN@MF microcapsules are better than that of pure PETN. The obtained method can provide some guidance for the desensitizing of other energetic materials with high sensitivities.

Constructing Single- or Dual-Layer Biomass Composite Energetic Material through Self-Assembly of Biomass Polyphenol Structural Materials

“…Lan Guanchao and co-workers prepared by in situ reaction encapsulation method PETN@TA Microcapsules (Figure 4). 60 TA molecules can adsorb on the PETN surface and form hydrogen bonds with the PETN surface. Compared with the PETN, the melting point, initial decomposition temperature, and explosion point of PETN@TA microcapsules were improved.…”

Thermal Reactivity of High-Density Hybrid Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine Crystals Prepared by a Microfluidic Crystallization Method

“…Increasing energy density has always been the research goal of energetic materials (EMs), but the high energy and insensitive EMs are always a contradictory counterpart. 1 To balance the high energy density, promising thermal stability, low sensitivity, and less toxicity, various inert materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), polydopamine (PDA), 2 and other insensitive polymers, 3 have been used to modify EMs. 4 Among the currently used high-energy organic EMs, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 5 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), 6 and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) 7 have been widely modified using these materials to meet the requirements of space application and military weapons.…”

Preparation of Spherical HMX/DMF Solvates, Spherical HMX Particles, and HMX@NTO Composites: A Way to Reduce the Sensitivity of HMX

“…During the past decades, considerable work has been done to decrease the sensitivity of conventional high-energy explosives through exploring energetic cocrystals, − improving the particle size and morphology, − and preparing energetic composites. − It is an effective strategy to decrease the high-sensitivity explosives by cocrystallization to introduce low-sensitivity or non-explosive components to high-sensitivity explosives. Cocrystals can bring about a completely different packing model of explosive molecules and thus lead to an alteration of key properties including the density, melting point, sensitivity, and detonation performance .…”