Establishment and characterisation of salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837)) laboratory strains

Hamre, Lars Are; Glover, Kevin A.; Nilsen, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2009.08.009

Cited by 136 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Egg string pairs and planktonic larval stages (nauplii I and II and copepodids) were incubated in small flow-through incubators, as described by Hamre et al (2009), suitable for single pairs of egg strings in each well (mesh 150 m). For each temperature, two incubators with 16 wells were connected to the same water supply from the holding tank (2 × 16 = 32 egg string pairs in each temperature).…”

Section: Incubation Of Egg Strings At the Experimental Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) development times, body size, and reproductive outputs follow universal models of temperature dependence

Samsing

Oppedal

Dalvin

et al. 2016

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

116

120

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Abstract:Temperatures regulate metabolism of marine ectotherms and thereby influence development, reproduction, and, as a consequence, dispersal. Despite the importance of water temperatures in the epidemiology of marine diseases, for the parasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis, the effect of high and low temperatures has not been methodically investigated. Here, we examined the effects of a wide temperature range (3-20°C) on L. salmonis larval development, adult body size, reproductive outputs, and infestation success. Further, we tested if dispersal of salmon lice differed with two temperature-dependent development times to the infective stage (30 and 60 degree-days) using an individual-based dispersal model. Development times followed universal models of temperature dependence described for other marine ectotherms. Water temperatures had a negative relationship with development times, adult body size, and reproductive outputs, except at 3°C, where larvae failed to reach the infective stage and all parameters were decreased, indicating low temperatures are more detrimental than high temperatures. The predictable effect of temperatures on lice development and reproduction will have important applications, such as predicting dispersal and population connectivity, to assist in controlling lice epidemics.Résumé : La température régule le métabolisme des ectothermes marins, influençant ainsi leur développement, leur reproduction et, par conséquent, leur dispersion. Malgré l'importance de la température de l'eau dans l'épidémiologie des maladies marines, pour le copépode parasitique Lepeophtheirus salmonis, l'effet de températures élevées ou basses n'a pas fait l'objet d'un examen méthodique. Nous examinons les effets d'une grande fourchette de températures (3-20°C) sur le développement des larves, la taille du corps des adultes, l'efficacité de la reproduction et le succès des infestations de L. salmonis. Nous vérifions également si la dispersion du pou du poisson est différente pour deux temps de développement dépendant de la température avant le stade infectieux (30 et 60 degrés-jours) en utilisant un modèle de dispersion basé sur l'individu. Les temps de dével-oppement suivent des modèles universels de dépendance de la température décrits pour d'autres ectothermes marins. La température de l'eau est négativement reliée au temps de développement, à la taille du corps des adultes et à l'efficacité de la reproduction, sauf à 3°C, température à laquelle les larves n'atteignent pas le stade infectieux et tous les paramètres diminuent, indiquant que les basses températures sont plus néfastes que les températures élevées. L'effet prévisible de la température sur le développement et la reproduction des poux aura d'importantes applications, notamment dans la prédiction de la dispersion et la connectivité des populations, pour aider à maîtriser les épidémies de poux. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Incubation Of Egg Strings At the Experimental Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) development times, body size, and reproductive outputs follow universal models of temperature dependence

Samsing

Oppedal

Dalvin

et al. 2016

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

116

120

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“…The lice that were used to challenge fish included an EB-sensitive and a re duced sensitivity strain that had been held in culture for several generations prior to this experiment (Hamre et al 2009, Espedal et al 2013). The EB-sensitive strain was LsGulen (Generation F21/F23), and the strain with reduced EB sensitivity was LsAuste voll (F18).…”

Section: Lice Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LsAustevoll had previously been tested in a family-based experiment on sensi-tivity to this substance (Ljungfeldt et al 2014) and in a genetic linkage-mapping study which identified a major influence of a small genomic region influencing tolerance to EB (Besnier et al 2014). Both lice strains were reared using the facilities and techniques previously des cribed in detail by Hamre et al (2009).…”

Section: Lice Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of emamectin benzoate and substance EX against salmon lice in sea-ranched Atlantic salmon smolts

Skilbrei¹,

Espedal²,

Nilsen³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Experimental releases of Atlantic salmon smolts treated with emamectin benzoate (EB) against salmon lice have previously been used to estimate the significance of salmon lice on the survival of migrating smolts. In recent years, the salmon louse has developed reduced sensitivity to EB, which may influence the results of such release experiments. We therefore tested the use of 2 anti-lice drugs: EB was administered to salmon smolts in high doses by intra-peritoneal injection and the prophylactic substance EX (SubEX) was administered by bathing. A third, untreated control group was also established. Salmon were challenged with copepodids of 2 strains of salmon lice (1 EB-sensitive strain and 1 with reduced EB-sensitivity) in mixed-group experimental tanks. At 31 d post-challenge, the numbers of pre-adult lice on treated fish were around 20% compared with the control fish, with minor or no differences between the 2 treatments and lice strains. Both treatments therefore appeared to give the smolts a high degree of protection against infestation of copepodids of salmon lice. However, significantly lower growth of the EB-treatment group indicates that bathing the fish in SubEX is less stressful for smolts than intraperitoneal injection of EB.

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“…At sampling, lice and egg strings were counted and photographed. Incubation of eggs and infection of reservoir fish with copepodids were carried out according to Hamre et al (2009). Lice belonging to the LsGulen laboratory strain (F8−F10) were used in all 4 trials (see Hamre et al 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tanks were located outdoors. The 200 l fish tank was placed indoors and had a flow of 7 l m −1 (description in Hamre et al 2009). Sea water was collected at a depth of 90 m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual fish tank arrays in studies of Lepeophtheirus salmonis and lice loss variability

Hamre¹,

Nilsen²

2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In studies of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837), experimental design is complicated by a highly variable and unpredictable lice loss among common experimental tanks and a substantial rate of host transfer within tanks. When fish hosting L. salmonis are maintained in individual tanks, unspecific effects such as host transfer, louse predation by cohabitant hosts and agonistic host interactions are excluded. This study suggests that it is possible to maintain Atlantic salmon Salmo salar infected with L. salmonis in an array of small, single fish tanks and, by doing so, provide an experimental system in which the loss of motile pre-adult and adult stages of L. salmonis is predictable. Here, lice can be collected shortly after detachment for detailed studies or to provide mortality curves of lice from individual fish. This represents an experimental approach improving precision in studies of L. salmonis, such as drug and vaccine efficacy assays, RNA interference (RNAi) studies and host−parasite interactions. The natural loss of pre-adult/adult L. salmonis from the system was higher for males than females. The loss of females appeared to be a process somewhat selective against large individuals. Inherent qualities of the host appeared to be of little significance in explaining the variability in loss of preadult/adult lice.

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Establishment and characterisation of salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837)) laboratory strains

Cited by 136 publications

References 55 publications

Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) development times, body size, and reproductive outputs follow universal models of temperature dependence

Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) development times, body size, and reproductive outputs follow universal models of temperature dependence

Evaluation of emamectin benzoate and substance EX against salmon lice in sea-ranched Atlantic salmon smolts

Individual fish tank arrays in studies of Lepeophtheirus salmonis and lice loss variability

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