Establishment and Comparison of Combining Disease and Syndrome Model of Asthma with “Kidney Yang Deficiency” and “Abnormal Savda”

Abstract

The study was the first time to establish and compare two rat models of two common syndromes: Kidney Yang Deficiency syndrome (KYDS) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and abnormal savda syndrome (ASS) in traditional Uighur medicine (TUM). Then, we also established and evaluated rat models of combining disease and syndrome models of asthma with KYDS or ASS. Results showed that usage of the high dose of corticosterone (CORT) injection or external factors could successfully establish the KYDS or ASS rat models, and the two models had similar changes in biological characterization, abnormal behaviors, dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-target organ axes (HPTOA), and sympathetic/parasympathetic (S/P) nerve system but varied in different degrees. The rat models of combining disease and syndrome of asthma with KYDS or ASS had either pathological characteristics of asthma such as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, airway remodeling, which were more serious than allergy exposure alone, or the syndrome performance of Kidney Yang Deficiency in TCM and abnormal savda in TUM. These findings provide a biological rationale for further investigation of combining disease and syndrome model of asthma as an effective animal model for exploring asthma based on the theory of traditional medicine.

A combination of depression and liver Qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome using a rat model

“…A series of TCM syndrome animal models are gradually being developed, which were mainly based on the TCM differentiation syndrome methods including the TCM etiology and pathogenesis, eight principles of identification syndrome, and Qi‐blood‐liquid‐fluid pattern identification. Another emerging TCM syndrome animal model named the combined disease and syndrome model (CDSM) is recently established in accordance with the TCM pathogenesis based on Western medicine disease models; it is considered the ideal animal model for fundamental syndrome studies (Li et al, ; Y. Q. Wang et al, ).…”

Metabolic differentiation and classification of abnormal Savda Munziq′s pharmacodynamic role on rat models with different diseases by nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics

“…Abnormal Savda was induced as described previously. [ 27 28 ] Briefly, abnormal Savda syndrome groups were exposed to a cool, dry environment (temperature 6 ± 1°C, relative humidity 25–32.8%, 6 h/day in the first week, 8 h/day in the second week, and 10 h/day in the third week), stimulated with chronic, and intermittent electric foot shocks (30 min/day, with 20 V in the first week, 35 min/day with 25 V in the second week, and 40 min/day, with 30 V in the third week), and fed a dry, cold diet (1:1 ratio of barley and coriander combined with normal rat food in a 3:7 ratio and granulated). The abnormal Savda syndrome rat model was further divided into three groups to establish HCC, T2DM, and asthma along with the abnormal Savda syndrome.…”

Acupuncture Research in Animal Models: Rationale, Needling Methods and the Urgent Need for a Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture–Standards for Reporting Interventions in Acupuncture Using Animal Models Adaptation

“…Three main categories might be (1) the reverse translational approach, which uses traditional acupoint regions to map potential peripheral somatosensory areas with larger neurobiologic effects when stimulated; (2) the conventional translational approach, which would rely on stimulation of regions that are already known to produce consistent neurobiologic effects and expand these findings into a mechanistic perspective to address different types of pathologic conditions; and (3) an animal model that approaches TEAM as a whole systems medicine, generating hypotheses and selecting one or more points in relation to its diagnostic categories rather than just clinical indications of individual acupoints. 21 Although the need for clear and consistent epistemic language as a basis for point rationales seems plain, considerable mixing and matching can be observed in the published literature. A number of studies justify or correlate observed neurobiologic effects using meridian theory (or other TEAM theories).…”