Establishment and Maintenance of Epithelial Polarization

Bergemann, Andrew D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52780-8_3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…These proteins include; Cdc42, atypical protein kinase C, Par6, Par3/Bazooka/ASIP. [71][72][73][74] Cdc42 has been implicated in numerous functions, including dendritic growth, branching, and branch stability. [75][76][77] Membrane localization principally occurs at the highest concentration of the molecule.…”

Section: Role Of Acein Coronavirus Infections (Sars-cov and Sars-cov-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the numerous molecules at the apical membrane, only a few essential molecules are responsible for the identity and epithelial polarity of the apical membrane. These proteins include; Cdc42, atypical protein kinase C, Par6, Par3/Bazooka/ASIP 71–74 . Cdc42 has been implicated in numerous functions, including dendritic growth, branching, and branch stability 75–77 .…”

Section: Role Of Ace2 In Coronavirus Infections (Sars‐cov and Sars‐co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential COVID‐19 therapeutic approaches targeting angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2; An updated review

Zanganeh

Goodarzi

Doroudian

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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COVID-19 has spread swiftly throughout the world posing a global health emergency. The significant numbers of deaths attributed to this pandemic have researchers battling to understand this new, dangerous virus. Researchers are looking to find possible treatment regimens and develop effective therapies. This study aims to provide an overview of published scientific information on potential treatments, emphasizing angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) inhibitors as one of the most important drug targets. SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD); as a viral attachment or entry inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2, human recombinant soluble ACE2; as a genetically modified soluble form of ACE2 to compete with membranebound ACE2, and microRNAs (miRNAs); as a negative regulator of the expression of ACE2/TMPRSS2 to inhibit SARS-CoV2 entry into cells, are the potential therapeutic approaches discussed thoroughly in this article. This review provides the groundwork for the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and effective treatments against SARS-COV-2. K E Y W O R D S ACE2, COVID-19, drug repositioning, SARS-CoV-2, small molecule drugs 1 | INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus 1 that causes acute respiratory distress syndrome, which leads to serious global health issues. 2 The SARS-CoV in 2002-3, 3 the Mers-CoV in 2012-2013 4 and the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 prove that the diseases distribution is more expansive than previously recognized. 5 The glycosylated spike protein (S) is one of several structural proteins encodes by the COVID-19 genome. 6 This glycoprotein mediates virus entry by two functional subunits responsible for attachment to host cell receptor (S1 subunit) and viral and cellular membranes (S2 subunit) fusion. S is further cleaved at the S2 0 site, by a host transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), at immediate upstream of the fusion peptide. 7 The resulting cleavage leads to

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Section: Role Of Acein Coronavirus Infections (Sars-cov and Sars-cov-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Ace2 In Coronavirus Infections (Sars‐cov and Sars‐co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential COVID‐19 therapeutic approaches targeting angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2; An updated review

Zanganeh

Goodarzi

Doroudian

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Promoting Polarization and Differentiation of Primary Human Salivary Gland Stem/Progenitor Cells in Protease-Degradable Hydrogels via ROCK Inhibition

Metkari,

Witt,

Cognetti

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Towards the goal of in vitro engineering of functional salivary gland tissues, we cultured primary human salivary stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) in hyaluronic acid-based matrices with varying percentages of proteolytically degradable crosslinks in the presence of Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Single cells encapsulated in the hydrogel grew into organized multicellular structures by day 15, and over 60% of the structures developed in the non-degradable and 50% degradable hydrogels contained a central lumen. Importantly, ROCK inhibition led to the establishment of multicellular structures that were correctly polarized, as evidenced by apical localization of a Golgi marker GM130, apical/lateral localization of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and basal localization of integrin β1 and basement membrane proteins laminin α1 and collagen IV. Cultures maintained in 50% degradable gels with ROCK inhibition exhibited an increased expression of acinar markers AQP5 and SLC12A2 (at the transcript level) and AQP5 and NKCC1 (at the protein level) as compared to those without ROCK inhibition. Upon stimulation with isoproterenol, α-amylase secretion into the lumen was observed. Particle-tracking microrheology was employed to analyze the stiffness of cells using mitochondria as the passive tracer particles. Our results indicated that cells grown in 100% degradable gels were stiffer than those maintained in non-degradable gels, and cells cultured with the ROCK inhibitor were softer than those maintained without the inhibitor. We conclude that reducing cellular contractility via ROCK inhibition while retaining some degree of matrix confinement promotes the establishment of multicellular structures containing pro-acinar cells with correct apicobasal polarization.

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Establishment and Maintenance of Epithelial Polarization

Cited by 2 publications

References 163 publications

Potential COVID‐19 therapeutic approaches targeting angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2; An updated review

Potential COVID‐19 therapeutic approaches targeting angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2; An updated review

Promoting Polarization and Differentiation of Primary Human Salivary Gland Stem/Progenitor Cells in Protease-Degradable Hydrogels via ROCK Inhibition

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