Establishment of an experimental infection protocol for the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, with the intrahaemocytic protozoan parasite, Bonamia ostreae: application in the selection of parasite-resistant oysters

Hervio, Dominique; Bachère, Evelyne; Boulo, Viviane; Cochennec, Nathalie; Vuillemin, V.; Coguic, Yvette Le; Cailletaux, G.; Mazurié, Joseph; Mialhe, Eric

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)00342-l

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar mass selection programs have been used to generate resistance to MSX disease in the American eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica [15,16] and to Bonamiasis in the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis [17,18]. In C. virginica, strains selected for MSX resistance seem to limit infection by increasing the number of haemocytes in their haemolymph to heal lesions, remove debris and repair tissue [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for QX disease resistance negatively selects one form of the defensive enzyme, phenoloxidase, in Sydney rock oysters

Bezemer

Butt

Nell

et al. 2006

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for QX disease resistance negatively selects one form of the defensive enzyme, phenoloxidase, in Sydney rock oysters

Bezemer

Butt

Nell

et al. 2006

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…At the tissue level, the infection is usually associated with intense haemocyte infiltration of the connective tissue of the gills, mantle and digestive gland. The life cycle is unknown, but the disease can be directly transmitted between oysters in a population or experimentally by cohabitation or inoculation (Elston et al 1986, Hervio et al 1995, suggesting that an intermediate host is not required for the parasite to complete its life cycle. Observation of free parasites in gill epithelia potentially associated with gill lesions supports the hypothesis of a parasite release through these organs (Montes et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of purified Bonamia ostreae suspensions allowed experimental infections based on parasite injection (Hervio et al 1995) and investigations on in vitro interactions between parasites and haemocytes (Chagot et al 1992, Mourton et al 1992. Despite possible survival of purified parasites in filtered sea water (2 wk) as assessed by the success of experimental infection (Grizel 1985), purified parasite suspensions have not yet been used to study parasite physiology or its behaviour related to environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of Bonamia ostreae, a parasite infecting flat oysters Ostrea edulis

Arzul¹,

Gagnaire²,

Bond³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bonamiosis due to the intrahaemocytic protistan parasite Bonamia ostreae is a European endemic disease affecting the flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The parasite has been described in various ecosystems from estuaries to open sea, but no clear correlation has yet been demonstrated between disease development and environmental parameters. In this study, the effect of temperature and salinity on the survival of purified parasites maintained in vitro in seawater was investigated by flow cytometry. Purified parasites were incubated in various seawater media (artificial seawater, natural seawater, seabed borewater) at various temperatures (4, 15 and 25°C) and subjected to a range of salinities from 5 to 45 g l -1. Parasites were collected after 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation for flow cytometry analyses including estimation of parasite mortality and parasite viability through detection of non-specific esterase activities. Artificial seawater appeared unsuitable for parasite survival, and results for all media showed a significantly lower survival at 25°C compared to 4°C and 15°C. Moreover, high salinities (≥35 g l -1) favoured parasite survival and detection of esterase activities. Flow cytometry appears to be a suitable technique to investigate survival and activities of unicellular parasites like B. ostreae under varied conditions. Although these results contribute to a better understanding of existing interactions between the parasite B. ostreae and its environment, validation through epidemiological surveys in the field is also needed.

show abstract

“…Such resistance might have developed as a consequence of the broodstock having been exposed to the pathogens previously; both pathogens were isolated from the GACL hatchery. Occurrence of surviving larvae after the challenge protocol might allow for the selection of vibriosis resistant animals, similar to the study of Hervio et al (1995).This study has demonstrated procedures and effective pathogenic doses required to initiate mortalities of GSM larvae under hatchery production conditions. To Challenge of New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel larvae our knowledge, this is the first report where a challenge protocol has been developed using mollusc larvae in a flow-through rearing process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In these studies, the animals were exposed to the pathogen using immersion periods of 45 and 10 min (for Atlantic salmon and yellowtail respectively) before placing them back into flow-through systems. Literature on the experimental infection of molluscs have either described adult animals (Hervio et al 1995, Gay et al 2004, or larvae tested under static in vitro conditions (Sainz et al 1998, Sugumar et al 1998, Estes et al 2004). …”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenge of New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel Perna canaliculus larvae using two Vibrio pathogens: a hatchery study

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial diseases remain a large problem in aquaculture hatcheries. The successful design and implementation of protective measures in the hatchery depends on an understanding of the dynamics of the infection process. Developing an in situ experimental protocol for pathogen challenge is therefore of paramount importance. Here, we demonstrated the minimum effective pathogenic dose (MEPD) of Vibrio splendidus (10 5 CFU ml -1) and a Vibrio coralliilyticus/neptunius-like isolate, Vibrio sp. DO1 (10 6 CFU ml -1), for New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel (GSM, Perna canaliculus) larvae during hatchery production. In a flow-through water hatchery system, larvae given 1 to 2 h of static water exposure to these pathogen doses showed respective average cumulative mortalities of 58 and 69% on the fourth day following pathogen exposure. After the 1 to 2 h static exposure, larvae were returned to flow-through water. Larvae exposed to a dosage one order of magnitude greater than the MEPD had higher mortalities of 73 and 96% for V. splendidus and Vibrio sp. DO1 respectively. These 4 levels of mortality were significantly greater than those of the non-exposed control larvae which respectively averaged 23 and 35% in experiments involving V. splendidus and Vibrio sp. DO1. Experiments were repeated 4 times to confirm reproducibility. After pathogen exposure, pathogens were detected in the larvae and tank water of treatments with dosages of ≥10 5 CFU ml -1 (V. splendidus) and 10 6 CFU ml -1 (Vibrio sp. DO1), but not in treatments with lower pathogen dosages. The challenge protocols are reproducible and provide an opportunity to assess measures for the protection of GSM larvae against infection in the hatchery environment. KEY WORDS: Vibriosis · Challenge protocol · Greenshell™ mussel · Larviculture Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 86: [15][16][17][18][19][20] 2009 vided and a milieu of ambient microflora is present. In order to understand the dynamics and facilitate effective management of microbial infections occurring at a hatchery facility, it is necessary to have an understanding of the conditions that initiate infection.Many studies have previously demonstrated experimental infections of aquatic animals: shrimp (Roque et al. 1998, Soto-Rodríguez et al. 2006, fish (Bergh et al. 1997, Itano et al. 2006) and molluscs (Sainz et al. 1998, Estes et al. 2004, Gay et al. 2004. Currently, there is a lack of literature on infection models under hatchery conditions, although Planas et al. (2005) developed an infection model under hatchery conditions where static water rather than flow-through systems prevailed. Likewise, there are few reports on infection models in flow-through water systems. Arkush et al. (2005) described an infection model in white seabass incorporating flow-through water and intraperitoneal injection of the pathogen; however, this method of administration is not possible with GSM larvae. Additionally, both Nordmo et al. (1997) and Itano et al. (2006) u...

show abstract

Establishment of an experimental infection protocol for the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, with the intrahaemocytic protozoan parasite, Bonamia ostreae: application in the selection of parasite-resistant oysters

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Breeding for QX disease resistance negatively selects one form of the defensive enzyme, phenoloxidase, in Sydney rock oysters

Breeding for QX disease resistance negatively selects one form of the defensive enzyme, phenoloxidase, in Sydney rock oysters

Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of Bonamia ostreae, a parasite infecting flat oysters Ostrea edulis

Challenge of New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel Perna canaliculus larvae using two Vibrio pathogens: a hatchery study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About