Establishment of Epithelial Attachment on Titanium Surface Coated with Platelet Activating Peptide

Abstract

The aim of this study was to produce epithelial attachment on a typical implant abutment surface of smooth titanium. A challenging complication that hinders the success of dental implants is peri-implantitis. A common cause of peri-implantitis may results from the lack of epithelial sealing at the peri-implant collar. Histologically, epithelial sealing is recognized as the attachment of the basement membrane (BM). BM-attachment is promoted by activated platelet aggregates at surgical wound sites. On the other hand, platelets did not aggregate on smooth titanium, the surface typical of the implant abutment. We then hypothesized that epithelial BM-attachment was produced when titanium surface was modified to allow platelet aggregation. Titanium surfaces were coated with a protease activated receptor 4-activating peptide (PAR4-AP). PAR4-AP coating yielded rapid aggregation of platelets on the titanium surface. Platelet aggregates released robust amount of epithelial chemoattractants (IGF-I, TGF-β) and growth factors (EGF, VEGF) on the titanium surface. Human gingival epithelial cells, when they were co-cultured on the platelet aggregates, successfully attached to the PAR4-AP coated titanium surface with spread laminin5 positive BM and consecutive staining of the epithelial tight junction component ZO1, indicating the formation of complete epithelial sheet. These in-vitro results indicate the establishment of epithelial BM-attachment to the titanium surface.

Epithelial cell adhesion efficacy of a novel peptide identified by panning on a smooth titanium surface

“…As anticipated, platelets rapidly formed aggregates on the PAR4-AP-treated titanium surface that released multiple chemokines and growth factors, yielding an antibacterial epithelial seal with BL attachment. 16 , 17 These studies proved that titanium can be treated to enable strong epithelial attachment. To isolate an advanced peptide with improved epithelial sealing but without undesirable side effects, we conducted a novel panning study on whole-cell platelets.…”

“…Sugawara et al 16 reported the establishment of BL-mediated epithelial cell attachment to the treated smooth titanium surface through the use of platelets. The platelets were activated on the smooth titanium surface using protease-activated receptor-4 activating peptide (PAR4-AP) to create an altered surface that promoted epithelial binding.…”

Establishment of perpendicular protrusion of type I collagen on TiO2 nanotube surface as a priming site of peri-implant connective fibers

“…Perpendicular attachment onto titanium has been reported for laser-machined horizontal microgrooves that limits the direction of cell division to the horizontal plane [13–17]. Other research employed activated platelets on the titanium surface to induce functional epithelial attachment via basal lamina to resist bacterial invasion [18, 19]. A long-lasting vertical level of the epithelial attachment with an ideal biologic seal might be achieved when the above-mentioned technologies are combined with the nanotubes and collagen fibers to modify the implant surface.…”

Current trends of the choice and processing of materials for dental implantation

“…Нанесение на имплантаты некоторых белковых протеазных активаторов может способствовать быстрому скоплению тромбоцитов, которые осуществляют выброс большого объема эпителиальных хемоаттрактантов: IGF-I (инсулиноподобный фактор роста), TGF-β (трансформирующий фактор роста) и факторов роста (EGF -эпидермальный фактор роста, VEGF -фактор роста эндотелия сосудов) непосредственно на поверхности титана. In vitro гингивальные эпителиоциты человека на всем протяжении прилегают к поверхности модифицированного таким образом титана с образованием плотных соединений [44].…”