Establishment of the Armored Scale,Rhizaspidiotus donacis1, a Biological Control Agent ofArundo donax

Goolsby, John A.; Kirk, Alan A.; Moran, Patrick; Racelis, Alex E.; Adamczyk, John J.; Cortés, Enrique Claver; Marcos-García, Ma Ángeles; Jiménez, Maricela Martínez; Summy, Kenneth R.; Ciomperlik, Matthew A.; Sands, D. P. A.

doi:10.3958/059.036.0314

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Initially, the climatic conditions were considered suitable for the optimum development of R. donacis populations at the release sites of Del Rio (Texas). In fact, early 2011, the scale releases were accepted and its establishment and reproduction have been observed (Goolsby et al 2011c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phenology in the Native Range of Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a Biological Control Agent of Giant Reed in North America

Cortés

Marcos-García

2012

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Population phenology studies in the native range of a potential biological control agent are indispensable to understand and manage the establishment of populations. At the same time, is important to know the responses of this agent to climatic variation if it were to be released in its target range. The life cycle and phenology of the armored scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis Leonardi, 1920 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) under field conditions in part of its native range, the southeast of Spain, was studied from 2008 to 2010 as part of an evaluation of this scale for biological control of the giant reed, Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) in the south—western United States and Mexico, as this rhizomatous grass becomes invasive and extremely harmful in riparian areas. The results observed were that R. donacis has one generation per year. The crawlers are the infective and dispersive life stage and they occurred during spring, from March to June and the reproductive period identified by the adult males emergence, was found from May to July. Temperature was one of the climatic variables considered with most influence on the variation of stages abundance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phenology in the Native Range of Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a Biological Control Agent of Giant Reed in North America

Cortés

Marcos-García

2012

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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“…Releases of scale were made in January 2011 in Del Rio, TX on the Laredo genotype of A. donax with establishment and the local population has continued to increase (Goolsby et al, 2011). For the broader biological control programme in North America, scale populations should be collected from host genotypes that match the genotypes of the invasive populations of A. donax in different regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the key biological control agents released against giant reed is the arundo scale, Rhizaspidiotus donacis Leonardi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae; Goolsby et al, , 2011Moran & Goolsby, 2010). Sessile females produce mobile crawlers that colonise rhizomes and stems where they consume plant cell contents, reducing plant photosynthesis (Moore, Watts, & Goolsby, 2010) and stand vigour (Kirk, Widmer, Campobasso, Carruthers, & Dudley, 2003).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Spanish Arundo scaleRhizaspidiotus donacis(Hemiptera; Diaspididae) survival and fecundity on three new world genotypes ofArundo donax(Poaceae; Arundinoideae)

Goolsby

Mendoza

Moran

et al. 2013

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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2013) Evaluation of Spanish Arundo scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera; Diaspididae) survival and fecundity on three new world genotypes ofA pre-release evaluation of survival and fecundity of the arundo scale, Rhizaspidiotus donacis, was conducted on three invasive genotypes of the riparian weed, Arundo donax. The three A. donax genotypes were collected from Laredo, Austin and Balmorhea, TX, which represented the majority of the genotypic diversity found in Texas watersheds. Although R. donacis developed on all three genotypes of the plant, the Austin A. donax genotype, followed by the Laredo genotype, were the most suitable in terms of the size of first-generation immature and adult scale populations that developed after crawler release. Both the Laredo and Austin genotypes of A. donax are likely to be of Spanish origin and are close genetic matches with scale's original host plant genotype in Alicante, Spain. In comparison, survival was lowest on the phylogenetically distant genotype of A. donax from Balmorhea, TX. Although the population size of settled, immature second-generation scales varied in a manner similar to that of the first generation, the fecundity of isolated first-generation females was not significantly different across the three plant genotypes, suggesting that R. donacis is not a genotype specialist in terms of nutrient assimilation for reproduction. Rather, differences in genotype suitability affect rates of success of crawler settling. These results indicate that selection of scale genotype from the native range may have a moderate influence on the success of R. donacis and ultimately the biological control programme.

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“…Agents adapted to haplotype M1 will be suitable for all the A. donax in South Africa due to the clonal nature of the plant in the country. Two biological control agents were released on haplotype M1 A. donax in the United States, the eurytomid wasp (Tetramesa romana Walker) and the armored scale (Rhizaspidiotus donacis Leonardi) in 2010 (Goolsby et al 2011). It is too soon to evaluate their impact on A. donax populations in the region; however, laboratory-based impact studies have shown that both agents have the potential to reduce plant growth and spread (Cortes et al 2011;Moore et al 2010;Moran et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Origin and Genetic Diversity of the Giant Reed, Arundo donax in South Africa

Canavan

Paterson

Hill

2017

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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The giant reed,Arundo donaxis one of the worst invasive alien species globally, including South Africa, where it invades riparian areas across the country. Biological control is being considered to address the invasive potential and negative impacts of the weed. This study investigated the phylogeography ofA. donaxto guide the biological control program. To determine plant haplotype and genetic diversity, three regions of the chloroplast were sequenced and three microsatellite markers were analyzed in 40 samples from across the plant’s distribution in South Africa. It was determined that all populations ofA. donaxin South Africa were haplotype M1, which is the most widely distributed haplotype worldwide, believed to originate from the Indus Valley, Asia. In addition, no genetic diversity was found, indicating that all theA. donaxpopulations in South Africa are essentially one clone. The results indicate that suitable biological control agents are likely to be found in the ancient native range of haplotype M1. This research has contributed to the global understanding of the phylogeography ofA. donaxand will guide the biological control program in South Africa.

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Establishment of the Armored Scale,Rhizaspidiotus donacis¹, a Biological Control Agent ofArundo donax

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Phenology in the Native Range of Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a Biological Control Agent of Giant Reed in North America

Phenology in the Native Range of Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a Biological Control Agent of Giant Reed in North America

Evaluation of Spanish Arundo scaleRhizaspidiotus donacis(Hemiptera; Diaspididae) survival and fecundity on three new world genotypes ofArundo donax(Poaceae; Arundinoideae)

Exploring the Origin and Genetic Diversity of the Giant Reed, Arundo donax in South Africa

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