Establishment of the Heart Cytoarchitecture: Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural study in Goat (Capra hircus)

Abstract

Goat products carry economic importance, but academic publications don't give goats proper appreciation. The heart of goat used as a model for human cardiovascular diseases and artificial heart studies. We study the different important structural components present in the various layers of the goat heart: endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. The endothelial lining of the endocardium exhibited strong immunoreactivity to NSE; caveolae of different sizes and short filopodia were observed pulging toward the lumen; and numerous Weibel Palade bodies The study clearly described the various ultrastructural components of cardiac muscle, including Z lines, A bands, I bands, H zones, M zones, peripherally abundant mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Purkinje fibers are peripherally arranged myofibrils and have a positive immunoreaction to NSE. Telocyte observed in the endocardium and myocardium in close relation to lymphocytes, mast cells, and cardiac myocytes. Telocyte showed a positive immunoreaction to NSE and contained vesicles and an abundantly rough endoplasmic reticulum. The interstitium showed a positive NSE immunoreaction. The fibroblast displayed NSE-positive reactivity. Epicardial mesothelium showed NSE-positive reactivity.