Establishment of the reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets for healthy Chinese Han adults and its influencing factors

Abstract

Background: Cellular immune monitoring is becoming more critical in the clinic, but its application has not yet become sufficiently widespread. One reason may be the different reference intervals among clinical laboratories due to several factors. Percentage and number of lymphocyte subsets are standard indicators of cellular immune detection. The present study aimed to establish standardized reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets in the healthy Chinese Han adult population and examine such influencing factors as age, gender, region, and measurement instruments. Methods: A total of 496 healthy Chinese Han people aged 18-59 years from 3 China Mainland regions (north, east, and south) were enrolled. The sample of each center was simultaneously examined by three flow cytometers (FACSCanto TM II, FACSLyric TM , and FACSCalibur TM ). A single-platform flow cytometrybased absolute count technique was used to quantify the percentage and number of each lymphocyte subset.The flow cytometry results were analyzed by variance analysis and Z test to determine the influence of age, gender, and instruments on lymphocyte subsets.Results: Multi-center, age-specific, and gender-specific reference intervals of healthy Chinese Han adults' lymphocyte subsets were established. There was no statistical difference in the results from the three flow cytometers. Gender affected the results of CD4 + (%) and the absolute count of CD3 − CD16 + CD56 + , where CD4 + (%) was higher in women, and the absolute count of CD3 − CD16 + CD56 + was higher in men. Age mainly affected the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio, which was statistically higher in groups aged over 40 years; the percentage and number of CD3 − CD19 + were more elevated in age groups below 30 years; however, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: This study established the reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets for healthy Chinese Han adult populations under the standardized methods. This study was the first nationwide study in China to use a flow cytometry-based single-platform method to establish the reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets of the healthy Chinese Han adult population. Gender and age were shown to influence the results of lymphocyte subsets.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for healthy aging: From mechanisms to therapeutics

“…These results illustrate that HBOT suppresses lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory responses both quantitatively and qualitatively. For T lymphocytes, a single exposure to hyperbaric oxygen can result in a transient reduction in the CD4:CD8 ratio in blood from healthy volunteers [ 62 ], reinforcing the role of HBOT in reversing immunosenescence as an augment in the CD4:CD8 ratio with aging was previously reported in human peripheral blood [ 63 , 64 ]. The brain is known as an immune-privileged organ, in which astrocytes act in concert with microglia in neuroinflammation during normal aging, leading to cognitive impairment [ 65 ].…”

The reference ranges and characteristics of lymphocyte parameters and the correlation between lymphocyte parameters and routine health indicators in adults from China

“…In spite of the evidence of heterogeneity in lymphocyte parameter data among different geographical areas, the variation may actually be slight, as we could not be able to distinguish between centers even using all lymphocyte and routine laboratory parameters by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis. This is in line with a recent study showing that no statistical significance was achieved in the number of lymphocytes from three regions of China [ 33 ].…”

“…Although the reference ranges of both number and phenotype of lymphocyte subsets have been widely studied in different countries including China [28][29][30][31][32][33], there are rare studies to investigate lymphocyte parameters considering population heterogeneity, comprehensiveness of indicators, and method variation simultaneously. In addition, no study has focused on systematically characterizing the relationship between lymphocyte parameters and routine health indicators.…”

Duration biased distribution of clinical and immunological phenotypes in active SLE

“…The balance of lymphocyte subsets was defined by the reference intervals of each subset for the Chinese population (Detailed definitions are in Supplementary Table 5 ) ( 8 ). As shown in Figure 3B , the B cell prominent and CD8+T cell prominent were the two major phenotypes, while other types together less than 15.3%.…”