Establishment of the scleral cartilage in the chick

Stewart, Patricia A.; McCallion, D. J.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(75)90114-1

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This suggests that the scleral cartilages of teleosts and those of tetrapods may be homologous. One may further be inclined to infer that the scleral cartilage element of teleosts is induced primarily by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as it is in chicken embryos, the only reptile examined thus far in any detail (Reinbold, 1968; Newsome, 1972; Stewart and McCallion, 1975). In reptiles, the scleral cartilage and RPE mirror each other in distribution around the eyeball.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tetrapods without this element (e.g., snakes and mammals) have a collagenous sclera. The scleral cartilage, a permanent cartilage, is de termined following an inductive tissue interaction with the retinal pigmented epithelium 3 days before scleral ossicles are induced in chicken embryos (Coulombre, 1965; Reinbold, 1968; Stewart and McCallion, 1975; Smith and Thorogood, 1983). Recently, it has been shown that the bony ossicles and scleral cartilage of snapping turtles ( Chelydra serpentina ) are similar in morphology and in development to those of birds (Franz‐Odendaal, 2006).…”

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Skeletal elements within teleost eyes and a discussion of their homology

Franz‐Odendaal

Hall

2006

Journal of Morphology

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Scleral ossicles and scleral cartilages form part of the craniofacial skeleton of many vertebrates. Some vertebrates, including all birds and most reptiles, but excluding most mammals, have scleral cartilages as well as scleral ossicles supporting their eyes. The teleost equivalent of these elements has received little attention in the literature. From radiographic and whole-mount analyses of over 400 individuals from 376 teleost species, we conclude that the teleost scleral skeletal elements (ossicles and cartilage) differ significantly from those of reptiles (including birds). Scleral ossicles in teleosts have different developmental origins, different positions within the eyeball, and different relationships with the scleral cartilaginous element than those in reptiles. From whole-mount staining of a growth series of four species of teleost (Danio rerio, Salmo salar, Esox lucius, and Alosa pseudoharengus), we interpret the development of these elements and show that they arise from within an Alcian blue-staining cartilaginous ring that develops around the eye earlier in development. We present possible scenarios on the evolution of these scleral skeletal elements from a common gnathostome ancestor, and consider that teleost scleral skeletal elements may not be homologous to those in reptiles. Our study indicates that homology cannot be assumed for these elements, despite the fact that they share the same name, scleral ossicles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Skeletal elements within teleost eyes and a discussion of their homology

Franz‐Odendaal

Hall

2006

Journal of Morphology

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“…Tissue culture experiments demonstrate that explanting mesenchyme younger than 4 days never gives rise to cartilage (Weiss and Amprino, 1940). Studies further indicate that the interaction of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) with the periocular mesenchyme leads to its ability to chondrify (Reinbold, 1968;Newsome, 1972;Stewart and McCallion, 1975); thus, the RPE may ultimately be responsible for its induction. After scleral cartilage is induced, morphogenesis of this tissue becomes independent of the RPE and instead results from interactions among scleral chondroblasts (Hall, 2005).…”

Section: Scleral Cartilage Development In Gallusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal elements in the vertebrate eye and adnexa: Morphological and developmental perspectives

Franz‐Odendaal

Vickaryous

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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Although poorly appreciated, the vertebrate eye and adnexa are relatively common sites for skeletogenesis. In many taxa, the skeleton contributes to internal reinforcement in addition to the external housing of the eye (e.g., the circumorbital bones and eyelids). Eyeball elements such as scleral cartilage and scleral ossicles are present within a broad diversity of vertebrates, albeit not therian mammals, and have been used as important models for the study of condensations and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. In contrast, other elements invested within the eye or its close surroundings remain largely unexplored. The onset and mode of development of these skeletal elements are often variable (early versus late; involving chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, or both), and most (if not all) of these elements appear to share a common neural crest origin. This review discusses the development and distribution of the skeletal elements within and associated with the developing eye and comments on homology of the elements where these are questionable.

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“…In the chick embryo, for example, the S.O. Their appearance is preceded by an equal number of transitory epithelial formations, the scleral papillae, which, during the 7 to 10 day embryonic period, interact with the skeletogenic mesenchyme allowing scleral ossicles to form at 12 days of incubation (O'RAHILLY, 1960;COULOMBRE et al, 1962;STEWART/MCCALLION, 1975;BEE/THOROGOOD, 1980;FYFE et al, 1988). Their appearance is preceded by an equal number of transitory epithelial formations, the scleral papillae, which, during the 7 to 10 day embryonic period, interact with the skeletogenic mesenchyme allowing scleral ossicles to form at 12 days of incubation (O'RAHILLY, 1960;COULOMBRE et al, 1962;STEWART/MCCALLION, 1975;BEE/THOROGOOD, 1980;FYFE et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…begin to be visible from the 12th day of incubation, and are all present from the 13-14th day (AMBROSI et al, 1973;COULOMBRE/COULOMBRE, 1973). Their appearance is preceded by an equal number of transitory epithelial formations, the scleral papillae, which, during the 7 to 10 day embryonic period, interact with the skeletogenic mesenchyme allowing scleral ossicles to form at 12 days of incubation (O'RAHILLY, 1960;COULOMBRE et al, 1962;STEWART/MCCALLION, 1975;BEE/THOROGOOD, 1980;FYFE et al, 1988). In fact, it has been observed that a reduced number of papillae results in a reduction in the number of ossicles, both in natural conditions, such as the scaleless mutant (PALMOSKY/ GOETINCK, 1970) and under experimental conditions (JOHNSON, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analysis of the Scleral Bony Ring with Different Numbers of Ossicles in the Eye of Coturnix Coturnix Japonica

Canavese

Fazzini

Colitti

1994

Anat Histol Embryol

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The scleral bony ring (s.b.r.) of Coturnix coturnix japonica was examined and evaluated morphometrically in its characteristic formations (scleral ossicles, overlapping sectors). The modal class 14-14, the most representative, was compared to others having minor or major numbers of ossicles with complex or simple overlaps in the left and right eyes. It was observed that the ossicles, numbered as in the literature, are ordered in a characteristic manner to form the s.b.r. The ossicle dimensions are different and numbers 4 and 7 are always smaller and larger. The s.b.r. with different numbers of ossicles compared to the model class 14-14 (0,0) showed an evident compensatory behaviour in all classes. In fact, when the ossicle number decreased, single ossicle area increased, retaining a constant s.b.r. area.

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Establishment of the scleral cartilage in the chick

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Skeletal elements within teleost eyes and a discussion of their homology

Skeletal elements within teleost eyes and a discussion of their homology

Skeletal elements in the vertebrate eye and adnexa: Morphological and developmental perspectives

Morphometric Analysis of the Scleral Bony Ring with Different Numbers of Ossicles in the Eye of Coturnix Coturnix Japonica

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