Establishment of Warm- and Cool-Season Native Perennial Grasses on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales. Ii. Establishment and Seedling Survival in the Field

Lodge, G. M.

doi:10.1071/bt9810121

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our results suggest that maximum germinations from natural seedfails or artificial sowings of D. linkii and S. variabilis would occur from late autumn through to early spring and that high soil temperatures in summer (Lodge 1981) might restrict the germination of these cool-season species. For the warm-season native perennial grasses germination would be highest between late spring and early autumn, and low temperatures in winter might limit the germination of these species.…”

Section: Germinationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Establishment of Warm- and Cool-Season Native Perennial Grasses on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales. I. Dormancy and Germination

Lodge¹,

Whalley²

1981

Aust. J. Bot.

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The dormancy and germination of two groups of native perennial grasses were investigated in caryopses or dispersal units. The species were the warm-season native perennial grasses Aristida ramosa R.Br., Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S. T . Blake. Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) Camus, Sporobolus elongatus R.Br., Eragrostis leptostachya Steud., Chloris truncata R.Br. and the cool-season species Stipa variabilis Hughes and Danthonia linkii Kunth. Optimum temperatures for germination were 20-35'C for A . ramosa; 15-35' for D. sericeum and C. truncata; 20-25' for E. leptostachya; 20-30' for B. macra and S. elongatus and 15-25' for D. linkii and S . variabilis. At 1O0and4O0 D. linkiiand A. ramosa respectively were the only species that had highgermination percentages.Removal of the lemma and palea from freshly harvested units of A. ramosa, B. macra, D. sericeum, C. truncata and S. variabilis significantly increased germination. In units stored at 12-27'C there was a breakdown in dormancy after 2-3 months in A , ramosa and B. macra and after 9 months in S . elongatus. In the germination of D. sericeum and D. linkii the lemma and palea appeared to have a long-term inhibitory role.Twenty-week-old whole dispersal units of B. macra, S. elongatus and E. leptostachya and 40-week-old units of S. elongatus and E. leptostachya had an obligate light requirement for germination.The ecological implications of these data in the successful germination of natural seed falls and artificial seedings are discussed.

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Section: Germinationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Establishment of Warm- and Cool-Season Native Perennial Grasses on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales. I. Dormancy and Germination

Lodge¹,

Whalley²

1981

Aust. J. Bot.

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“…Gaps are necessary within grasslands for recruitment of seedlings of native grasses, herbs, and forbs, and for survival of the seedlings through reduced competition ( Lodge 1981). Lodge (1981), Putwain et al (1968), and Palmblad (1968) found that seedlings that emerged in “safe sites” (sites with less competition) established successfully, while seedlings that emerged close to plant bases died. Changes in light intensity, humidity, sheltering, nutrients, and increased accumulation of organic matter may also be critical factors that hinder the recruitment of seedlings ( Harper 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of a Native Grassland as Habitat for the Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Walker (Lepidoptera; Castniidae) at Mount Piper, Australia

O'Dwyer

Attiwill

2000

Restoration Ecology

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Synemon plana (golden sun moth) is a small diurnal moth from the family Castniidae, now listed as endangered in all regions of southeastern Australia in which it occurs. This study details an attempt to restore the native grassland habitat of S. plana at one site by increasing the cover of its probable food plant, Austrodanthonia eriantha (wallaby grass), to at least 40%, the average percentage cover determined from all currently inhabited sites. The percentage cover of A. eriantha increased when seedlings were planted, although there was no significant increase in cover by seeding caryopsides (dispersal units) or by weeding. However, combining weeding with planting seedlings, or seeding increased cover by 22% and 27% to 43% and 64%, respectively. Two hundred caryopsides per square meter (compared with only 49 seedlings/m2) were required to increase cover to at least 40% due to the low viability of seeds and low germination in the field. Therefore, to restore grasslands dominated by A. eriantha as suitable habitat for S. plana, seedlings should be planted and weeds removed.

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“…Bothriochloa and Aristida, heavy summer grazing becomes more important and complements rests when the C3 species can set seed and/or establish new plants. The period suggested for heavy grazing of C4 species coincides with the most favourable time for successful germination and establishment of these species (Lodge 1981) and the time of their maximum productivity ) and nutritive value . Hence their productivity and recruitment can be most effectively limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are important as some limited observations (Simpson 1994) suggest that these legumes can be very competitive in spring and can reduce the plant densities of Danthonia. Where the pasture does not have any major component of annual grasses, the most successful time for seedling emergence and establishment of C3 perennial grasses is from mid autumn to late winter (Lodge 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the composition of native and naturalised pastures with grazing

Kemp¹,

Dowling²,

Michalk³

1996

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Many native, naturalised, and low-input pastures have a low proportion of desirable species. Under the prevailing economic conditions, it is unlikely that these pastures would be replaced with sown native species as there may not be seed of suitable cultivars available and costs would exceed returns. Better management is a preferable strategy to improve the proportion of desirable components. Grazing tactics are central to any improved management strategies for these pastures as they offer a lower cost option for land managers. Additional tactics, which will vary depending upon specific circumstances, include some use of fertiliser (to increase the rate of change), herbicides (where weed problems are particularly severe and animals are unlikely to eat the "weeds"), and fire (to reduce dead material and seed numbers and produce green leaf for grazing). Several examples of manipulating pasture composition are considered. In situations where the desirable species are C3 perennial grasses (e.g., Danthonia spp., Microlaena, and Dactylis), and the less desirable are C3 annual species (e.g., Vulpia), rests over the summer period, especially in wetter years, improved the perennial grass content. In addition, extra grazing pressure in spring limits seed set by annual grasses. Where the undesirable species are C4 perennial grasses (e.g., Bothriochloa and Aristida), heavy summer grazing is more important. In some A96016Received 15 January 1996; accepted 27 August 1996 instances, the timing of a heavy grazing period will depend upon monitoring the plant community to find the "window of opportunity" when the desirable species have completed flowering and seed set but when the less-desirable species are starting to flower. Further development of improved management systems will require knowledge of the ecology of the principal species. Any release of new cultivars of native and low-input species should be supported by knowledge of the better management practices to maintain those species in the pasture.

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Establishment of Warm- and Cool-Season Native Perennial Grasses on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales. Ii. Establishment and Seedling Survival in the Field

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Establishment of Warm- and Cool-Season Native Perennial Grasses on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales. I. Dormancy and Germination

Establishment of Warm- and Cool-Season Native Perennial Grasses on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales. I. Dormancy and Germination

Restoration of a Native Grassland as Habitat for the Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Walker (Lepidoptera; Castniidae) at Mount Piper, Australia

Managing the composition of native and naturalised pastures with grazing

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