Estado actual de la poliomielitis en Latinoamérica

Increasing polio coverage with safer vaccines: a pressing need in Latin America

“…In the Region of the Americas, the estimated risk of VAPP was (before the switch of tOPV to bOPV) 1 case per 7.68 million doses administered. (CI = 1 case per 6.73-8.95 million doses administered) [5][6][7][8][9]11 .…”

“…On the other hand, VDPVs types 1 and 3 have a GD equal to or greater than 1%, whereas type 2 has www.revinf.cl Documento a GD equal to or greater than 0.6%. Both the polioviruses causing VAPP, and VDPV (regardless of serotype), may all produce disease with the same symptoms, severity, and lethality as WPV [5][6][7][8][9]11 .…”

“…The cVDPV undergo mutations as they circulate, and a mutation rate of about 1% per year is thought to occur spontaneously; for this reason, the replication time can be inferred according to the degree of GD. The VDPV that remain replicating in individuals with primary immunodeficiency for an indeterminate period are called iVDPV, while those isolated from immunocompetent individuals in the absence of circulation in a community or recovered from wastewater and environmental sampling, whose source is unknown, are called ambiguos (aVDPV) [5][6][7][8][9]11 .…”

“…In a publication two years ago, the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE) drew attention to various factors that increase the risk of poliomyelitis outbreaks in the region, such as the continued use of the attenuated oral vaccine (OPV), low rates of immunization in most of the countries and the poor epidemiological surveillance of AFP cases 5 . This situation continues to be worrisome and for this reason, SLIPE considered it a priority to issue the current document stating its position on the urgent need to increase the rates of vaccine coverage against the disease and incorporate inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) exclusive schedules into all national immunization programs.…”

Declaración SLIPE: Aumento de la cobertura antipoliomielítica con vacunas más seguras: una urgencia inaplazable en Latinoamérica

“…A pesar de los innegables avances en el control y eliminación de la poliomielitis a nivel mundial, brotes ocasionales de infección por poliovirus salvaje (en inglés WPV) tipo 1, y con más frecuencia, brotes de parálisis flácida aguda por poliovirus derivado de la vacuna oral atenuada que se mantiene circulando (cVDPV), continúan ocurriendo 3,4 . Dos años atrás, la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica (SLIPE) llamaba la atención sobre diversos factores que aumentan el riesgo de brotes de poliomielitis en la región, tales como el uso continuado de la vacuna oral atenuada (OPV), las bajas tasas de inmunización en la mayor parte de los países y la deficiente vigilancia epidemiológica de los casos de PFA 5 . La situación continua siendo preocupante y por ello, la SLIPE consideró prioritario emitir el actual documento fijando posición sobre la necesidad urgente de incrementar los niveles de cobertura vacunal contra la enfermedad e incorporar la vacuna de polio inactivada (IPV) exclusiva en todos los esquemas nacionales de inmunización.…”