Esterases activity in the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum exposed to chlorpyrifos and its implication to motor activity

Robles-Mendoza, Cecilia; Zúñiga-Lagunes, Sebastian R.; León-Hill, Claudia A. Ponce de; Hernández-Soto, Jesús; Vanegas-Pérez, C.

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.09.001

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Chlorpyrifos on the other hand, decreased swim speed, increased rest, and decreased thigmotaxis behaviors (preference for end, edge, side). The larvae’s change in swim speed and rest are likely a result of ACh toxicity and AChE inhibition, similar to what was seen in the axolotl and European seabass (Almeida et al, 2010; Robles-Mendoza et al, 2011). Larval decreased preference to be on the side, edge, and end of lane occurred even without changes in AChE activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity

Richendrfer

Créton

2015

NeuroToxicology

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Organophosphates, a type of neurotoxicant pesticide, are used globally for the treatment of pests on croplands and are therefore found in a large number of conventional foods. These pesticides are harmful and potentially deadly if ingested or inhaled in large quantities by causing a significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the central and peripheral nervous system. However, much less is known about the effects of exposure to small quantities of the pesticides on neural systems and behavior during development. In the current study we used zebrafish larvae in order to determine the effects of two of the most widely used organophosphates, chlorpyrifos and malathion, on zebrafish behavior and AChE activity. Embryos and larvae were exposed to the organophosphates during different time points in development and then tested at 5 days post-fertilization for behavioral, neurodevelopmental and AChE abnormalities. The results of the study indicate that chlorpyrifos and malathion cause opposing behaviors in the larvae such as swim speed (hypoactivity vs. hyperactivity) and rest. Additionally, the pesticides affect only certain behaviors, such as thigmotaxis, during specific time points in development that are unrelated to changes in AChE activity. Larvae treated with malathion but not chlorpyrifos also had significantly smaller forebrain and hindbrain regions compared to controls by 5 days post-fertilization. We conclude that exposure to very low concentrations of organophosphate pesticides during development cause abnormalities in behavior and brain size.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity

Richendrfer

Créton

2015

NeuroToxicology

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“…These results in significant lower concentrations than those used in this and other reports in the mg/L range (Mercado-Borrayo et al 2015). Nevertheless, even realistic concentrations of OPPs such as chlorpyrifos have been shown damage to early axolotl larvae (Robles-Mendoza et al 2011). Hence, it is proposed that future work should attempt to test realistic OPP quantities to better assess and recapitulate their possible effects in the axolotl habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

THE MEXICAN AXOLOTL´S (Ambystoma mexicanum) EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL IS AFFECTED BY COMMERCIAL GRADE MALATHION AND DICHLORVOS ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES

Castán-Aquino

Arias-Balderas

Rojo-Salinas

et al. 2020

RICA

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“…These data suggest that some component(s) within the toad brain can inactivate CPO and protect AChE from inhibition. A number of studies have suggested that amphibians possess a robust capacity for peripheral detoxification of organophosphorus compounds (Edery and Schatzberg-Porath 1960;Robles-Mendoza et al 2011): our findings suggest that the toad brain may have very effective detoxification processes that can mitigate the inhibition of AChE and other CPO-sensitive enzymes.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 59%

Comparative in vitro and in vivo effects of chlorpyrifos oxon in the outbred CD‐1 mouse (Mus musculus) and great plains toad (Anaxyrus cognatus)

Anderson

Liu

McMurry

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We compared biochemical, functional, and behavioral responses to the organophosphorus anticholinesterase chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) in mice (Mus musculus, CD-1) and toads (Anaxyrus cognatus, Great Plains toad). Toads were substantially less sensitive to acute lethality of CPO based on the maximum tolerated (nonlethal) dose (toads, 77 mg/kg; mice, 5.9 mg/kg). Sublethal exposures led to classical signs of toxicity (increased involuntary movements, autonomic secretions) in mice but hypoactivity in toads. Motor performance in an inclined plane test was not affected by CPO in mice but was altered at the highest dosage in toads. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase, monoacylglycerol lipase, and fatty acid amide hydrolase activities in brain were inhibited in mice but not in toads, and fatty acid amide hydrolase activity in the liver was inhibited in both species. Toad brain AChE was less sensitive to in vitro inhibition by CPO (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50; 20 min, 37 °C], 101 vs 7.8 nM; IC50 [20 min, 26 °C], 149 vs 6.2 nM), and studies of inhibitor kinetics indicated substantially lower anticholinesterase potency of CPO against the toad brain enzyme. Using an in vitro indirect inhibition assay, preincubation of CPO with toad brain homogenate was more effective than an equivalent mouse brain homogenate at reducing CPO potency. These data suggest that the relatively low sensitivity of toads to cholinergic toxicity is based on the low sensitivity of brain AChE, which in turn may be attributable to more effective target-site detoxification. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1898-1906. © 2018 SETAC.

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Esterases activity in the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum exposed to chlorpyrifos and its implication to motor activity

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity

Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity

THE MEXICAN AXOLOTL´S (Ambystoma mexicanum) EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL IS AFFECTED BY COMMERCIAL GRADE MALATHION AND DICHLORVOS ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES

Comparative in vitro and in vivo effects of chlorpyrifos oxon in the outbred CD‐1 mouse (Mus musculus) and great plains toad (Anaxyrus cognatus)

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