Esterases of Corbicula fluminea as Biomarkers of Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides

Basack, Silvana; Oneto, M. L.; Fuchs, J.; Wood, E.; Kesten, Eva

doi:10.1007/s001289900799

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…ChE activity was distributed both in the supernatant and in pellet fractions of Corbicula fluminea but was affected differently by OPs and inhibitors such as PMSF and esserin (Fig. 5b) (Basack et al 1998). Finally, C-esterases (acetylesterases) are not inhibited by OPs.…”

Section: Esterasesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Esterases are classified into three categories based on their reaction profiles (Basack et al 1998;Thompson 1999;Wheelock et al 2005). A-esterases that include phosphotriester hydrolases can hydrolyze organophosphorus (OP) compounds as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Esterasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5b) with the chromogenic reagent DTNB (5,5 -dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)) (Basack et al 1998). For CaE, a simple UV determination can be used instead of using 1-naphthyl acetate as a substrate (Belden and Lydy 2000).…”

Section: Esterasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Esterasesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Esterasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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“…Inhibition of ChE activity by organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides has been measured in a few aquatic invertebrate species, such as bivalve mollusks (Bocquené et al, 1997;Basack et al, 1998;Mora et al, 1999;Doran et al, 2001;Cooper and Bidwell, 2006), and crustaceans (Day and Scott, 1990;Lundebye et al, 1997;Sturm and Hansen, 1999;Varó et al, 2002). Since the properties of ChE may differ from species to species, it is important to characterize the type of enzyme(s) present in the species to be studied before its use as biomarker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mora et al (1999) also described a ChE that was poorly inhibited by organophosphates in marine mussels and in a freshwater bivalve. In addition, Basack et al (1998) described two ChE activities in Corbicula fluminea, one present in the pellet of 10,000 × g centrifugation sharing all the features of vertebrate AChE, and another localized in the supernatants of 10,000 × g relatively insensitive to eserine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of cholinesterase activity by azinphos-methyl in two freshwater invertebrates: Biomphalaria glabrata and Lumbriculus variegatus

et al. 2006

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Cholinesterase and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities in freshwater invertebrates as biomarkers to assess pesticide contamination

Domingues

Agra

Monaghan

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

130

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Abstract-Studies investigating the use of biomarkers in pesticide risk assessment have greatly increased in recent years; however, issues concerning the ecological meaning of enzymatic responses have proved controversial. Ideally a good biomarker response should be modulated by the environmental contaminants alone and demonstrate a predictable behavior towards certain types of toxins. As these premises are rarely observed, the present study aims to outline research that has contributed to an understanding of the behavior of two widely used biomarkers, cholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase, describing environmental and biotic factors that affect their response in freshwater invertebrates. Studies were performed in the main classes of aquatic invertebrates with these biomarkers and conclusions were reached concerning their behavior towards the main classes of pesticides. Links between biomarker responses and conventional endpoints were evaluated so that ecological relevance could be attributed to enzymatic responses. Toxicity of mixtures was investigated, and cases of synergism and antagonism were pointed out as factors changing the expected toxicity of aquatic systems and leading to misinterpretations of biomarker responses. Finally, the use of biomarkers as a tool for biomonitoring and in situ assays was investigated, with discussion of advantages and disadvantages of their use.

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Esterases of Corbicula fluminea as Biomarkers of Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Inhibition of cholinesterase activity by azinphos-methyl in two freshwater invertebrates: Biomphalaria glabrata and Lumbriculus variegatus

Cholinesterase and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities in freshwater invertebrates as biomarkers to assess pesticide contamination

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