Estereótipos De Gênero Nas Imagens Dos Livros Didáticos De Educação Física Do Brasil

Abstract

Resumo: Este estudo analisa se existem estereótipos de gênero nas imagens de livros didáticos da Educação Física brasileira. Foram analisadas 929 fotografias de livros publicados entre 2006 e 2012 e destinados a estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio. Para a análise de conteúdo se utilizou uma adaptação ad hoc de um instrumento empregado em investigações precedentes. Os resultados mostram um ligeiro predomínio da representação de homens frente à de mulheres e muitas imagens de grupos mistos de homens e mulheres. As imagens reproduzem parcialmente os padrões hegemônicos que vinculam o tipo de prática corporal com o gênero. Os homens se associam com os esportes enquanto as mulheres se vinculam às atividades de fitness e condicionamento físico. O âmbito competitivo e os esportes de elite são accessíveis tanto para homens como para mulheres e não existe vinculação do uso do espaço esportivo em função do gênero. Abstract: This study examines whether or not Brazilian Physical Education textbooks contain images of gender stereotypes. It looked at 929 photographs of textbooks published between 2006 and 2012 to be used by Basic and Secondary Education students. Content analysis was conducted through an ad hoc adaptation of an instrument used in previous studies. Results show a slight predominance of the male representation over female, and many images of mixed groups. Images partially reproduce hegemonic patterns linking physical activity with gender. Men are associated to sports while women are linked to fitness activities. The competitive environment and elite sports are accessible to both men and women and there is no relation between gender and the use the sports space. Resumen: Este estudio analiza si existen estereotipos de género en las imágenes de los libros didácticos de Educación Física brasileños. Se analizaron 929 fotografías de libros publicados entre 2006 y 2012 destinados a estudiantes de Enseñanza Fundamental y Media. Para el análisis de contenido se utilizó una adaptación ad hoc de un instrumento empleado en investigaciones precedentes. Los resultados muestran un ligero predominio de la representación de hombres frente a la de mujeres y muchas imágenes de grupos mixtos de ambos sexos. Las imágenes reproducen parcialmente los patrones hegemónicos que vinculan el tipo de actividad física con el género. Los hombres son asociados a los deportes, mientras que las mujeres son vinculadas a las actividades de fitness y preparación física. El ámbito competitivo y los deportes de élite son accesibles tanto para hombres como para mujeres y no existe vinculación del uso del espacio deportivo en función del género. Palavras-chave Sexismo. Ilustrações de livros.Ensino fundamental e médio. Esportes.

Physical activity according to gender in Brazilian Physical Education textbooks

“…We can say that Physical Education textbooks in Brazil reproduce traditional stereotypes around attributing a type of body practice to each gender. Similar results were found in the studies by González-Palomares and Rey-Cao (2015) in Brazil and by Táboas-Pais and Rey-Cao (2012) and González-Palomares et al (2017) in Spain, with images showing sports in greater proportion with the male gender, and fitness and physical conditioning activities with the female gender. Therefore, the gender relationship of physical activity in Physical Education guides perpetuates the hegemonic values identified with masculinity and femininity (Klomstem et al, 2005).…”

“…Hypothesis 1: Male representation occurs more frequently than female representation in the images of Physical Education textbooks for primary education in Brazil was validated. The data that place the male model as predominant are higher than those provided by González-Palomares et al (2015) in Brazil, which indicated that men were represented in 38.6% of the images in Physical Education books, with similar results in Spanish studies, both in primary education (Moya et al, 2013 and in secondary education (González-Palomares et al, 2017;Táboas-Pais & Rey-Cao, 2012). These differences are likely due to the legal disappearance of gender-separated classrooms relatively recently (1990s) in Brazil, although these practices have not entirely disappeared.…”

“…In most images that refer to physical activity, they mostly represent sports. In Brazil, we did not find studies in this line of research, but in Spain, we identified a similar study in secondary education (González-Palomares & Rey-Cao, 2015), in which sports are more represented (43.4%) than non-sports practices: artistic activities (14%), games (10.6%), or adventure practices (9.7%). In this case, the images continue to show biased patterns of physical activity.…”

“…Specifically in Brazil, the analysis of school Physical Education textbooks is very scarce (Botelho & Neira, 2014). In this context, research on textbooks regarding gender has focused on two studies (González-Palomares et al, 2015;Loro et al, 2021).…”

“…In the study by González-Palomares et al (2015), based on the analysis of 929 photographs belonging to 36 textbooks intended for primary and secondary school students published between 2006 and 2012 in Brazil, the researchers observed that the male representation (38.6%) was more frequent, followed by mixed groups (35.2%) and female gender (26.2%). With regard to the relationship between the type of body practice represented in the images and the subjects' gender, the authors observed that collective and individual sports are represented by exclusively male and females images in physical conditioning activities.…”