Esterification

Reid, E. Emmet

doi:10.1021/ie50537a028

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…He noted that controlled chemical modification of the silica surface provides an ideal framework for showing the effects of surface chemistry on reinforcement. They recommended two essential methods for altering the surface of silica: esterifying silanol groups and reacting surface silanol groups with various silanes [46]. In the case of chlorosilane, Hydro Chloric Acid (HCl) is produced as a by-product, which in the presence of H 2 O functions as a strong acid to catalyze the chlorosilane hydrolysis.…”

Section: Surface Chemistry and Silanization Reactions Of Silica Fillermentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional rubber composites based on silica-silane reinforcement for green tire application: the state of the art

Neethirajan

Parathodika

et al. 2022

Functional Composite Mater

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Silica is the rubber industry’s most essential and cost-effective reinforcing filler after carbon black. The silica reinforcement mechanism with a non-polar elastomer is complicated by the presence of polar functional groups on the silica surface. This polar nature of silica causes filler-to-filler interaction by forming hydrogen bonds. Therefore, sizeable non-dispersed silica clusters remain in a non-polar rubber matrix. To avoid these strong filler-filler interactions and improve rubber/silica compatibility, the silica surface needs to be modified. This can be done using a coupling agent which has functional groups capable of linking both the rubber and silica. It has been discovered that when silica/silane coupling agents are present, the critical properties like rolling resistance and wet grip in the magic triangle of tire tread balance out better than carbon black formulations, bringing the system closer to the green tire goal. In this review article, the efforts made by both the rubber formulation development and chemistry to fully exploit the potential of silica/silane reinforcement for automotive tires are retrospected. Highlights on how compounding ingredients, process technology, functionalized elastomer, novel silanes, and the variant of silicas can enhance the magic triangle and silica-silane reaction mechanism are provided. In addition, the kinetics of silanization and measurements for the degree of silanization is also highlighted. Future research directions in this area are also touched upon. Hopefully, this review can stimulate future silica/silane scientific and technology developments for both academic and industrial-oriented requirements.

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Section: Surface Chemistry and Silanization Reactions Of Silica Fillermentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional rubber composites based on silica-silane reinforcement for green tire application: the state of the art

Neethirajan

Parathodika

et al. 2022

Functional Composite Mater

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“…He added that the controlled chemical modification of the silica surface provides a more ideal system for revealing the effects of surface chemistry on reinforcement. He suggested two major techniques for surface modification of silica, that is, esterification of silanol groups with alcohols, for example, Valron Estersil and DuPont, 29 and the reaction of silanol groups with a variety of organosilanes.…”

Section: Effect Of Silica and Its Types On Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of silica materials on synthesis of elastomer nanocomposites: A review

Najam

Hussain

Ali

et al. 2019

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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At the end of 19th century, the modification of silica has brought revolution in the field of nanocomposites and gained the attention of researchers again by the development of the mesoporous silica class. Silica when used with elastomers provides distinctive characteristics merging the superior properties of inorganic fillers, such as hardness, increased thermal strength, and mechanical stability along with the processability, elasticity, and plasticity of the organic polymers. When carbon black is treated with elastomers instead of silica, it provides greater level of reinforcement because the surface of silica is polar and hydrophilic, but it has greater tendency to adsorb moisture, which affects the ionization of silanol groups. The reason behind switching to silica is adverse effects of carbon black on environment. When silica is added in greater amount, it increases the viscosity of rubbers significantly. The high viscosity causes the processing extra difficult by generating excessive wear and tear over the processing equipment. The increase in viscosity is associated with the strong interaction among the silica particles. It has also been reviewed that the use of silica as filler in elastomers was hindered as far as bifunctional organosilanes were discovered. These are referred to as surface-modifying materials and are initiators for treating silica surfaces to make the filler compatible and friendly to elastomers.

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Producing of linoleum with improved physical and mechanical properties

Аминова¹,

Gabitov²,

Маскова³

et al. 2013

OGBUS

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A characteristic feature of the development of various areas of the industry is currently ongoing displacement of traditional metallic materials by plastics. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) takes one of the leading positions. One of the reasons of extremely rapid growth of PVC production is the fact that there is not another polymer, which could be subjected to such modification varied as it is done with polyvinyl chloride.

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Esterification

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Functional rubber composites based on silica-silane reinforcement for green tire application: the state of the art

Functional rubber composites based on silica-silane reinforcement for green tire application: the state of the art

Influence of silica materials on synthesis of elastomer nanocomposites: A review

Producing of linoleum with improved physical and mechanical properties

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