Esterification of free fatty acids for biodiesel production over heteropoly tungstate supported on niobia catalysts

Srilatha, K.; Lingaiah, N.; Devi, B.L.A. Prabhavathi; Prasad, R. B. N.; Venkateswar, S.; Prasad, P. S. Sai

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2009.05.025

Cited by 111 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, percentage of yield would decrease with the further addition of methanol up to the ratio of 12:1. 27 However; no increase in the yield was observed when the methanol ratio exceeded 6:1. Therefore, in this work, a methanol ratio of 6:1 has been chosen in order to lower the cost and increase the methanol recovery.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preparation of Supported Nanosized Sulfated Zirconia by Strontia and Assessment of Its Activities in the Esterification of Oleic Acid

Nayebzadeh

Saghatoleslami

Maskooki³

et al. 2014

Chem.Biochem.Eng.Q.

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The aim of this study was to examine a new nanocatalyst of SrO/S-ZrO 2 in esterification reaction and the optimum value of strontia loading over the sulfated zirconia. The sulfated zirconia was supported with different molar ratios of strontia in the range of 0.0-0.30, using the solvent-free method. The samples were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, BET and TEM analysis and their activity were investigated in esterification reaction of oleic acid. The findings of this study revealed that 25 mol % SrO/S-ZrO 2 had the highest yield in the esterification reaction. It was also concluded that strontia-supported sulfated zirconia could improve the low reusability of the catalyst. Furthermore, 95 % conversion was also obtained at optimized conditions (i.e., 100 °C, 2 wt. % of catalyst, 6:1 molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid and for a period of 30 minutes).

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confidence: 99%

Preparation of Supported Nanosized Sulfated Zirconia by Strontia and Assessment of Its Activities in the Esterification of Oleic Acid

Nayebzadeh

Saghatoleslami

Maskooki³

et al. 2014

Chem.Biochem.Eng.Q.

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“…For the heterogeneous catalyzed reaction, the higher catalyst loading denotes the higher availability of the active sites which perform to increase the reaction rate [17,18]. In this work, the effect of catalyst loading was studied at 3, 5, 10, and 15% w/w oil for the reactions carried out at 60 o C with molar of FFA to methanol of 1:60 as exhibited in Figure 3.…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Loading and Types Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Tin(II) Chloride Catalyst for High FFA Jatropha Oil Esterification in Continuous Reactive Distillation Column

Kusumaningtyas¹,

Aji²,

Hadiyanto³

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The application of heterogeneous solid acid catalysts in biodiesel production has become popular and gained significant attention over the last few years. It is since these types of catalysts hold the benefits in terms of easy separation from the product, reusability of the catalyst, high selectivity of the reaction. They are also considered sustainable and powerful particularly in organic synthesis. This work studied the use of tin(II) chloride as solid Lewis acid catalyst to promote the esterification reaction of high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) jatropha oil in continuous reactive distillation column. To obtain the optimum condition, the influences of reaction time, molar ratio of the reactant, and catalyst were investigated. It was revealed that the optimum condition was achieved at the molar ratio of methanol to FFA at 1:60, catalyst concentration of 5%, and reaction temperature of 60°C with the reaction conversion of 90%. This result was significantly superior to the identical reaction performed using batch reactor. The esterification of high FFA jatropha oil using reactive distillation in the presence of tin(II) chloride provided higher conversion than that of Amberlyst-15 heterogeneous catalyst and was comparable to that of homogenous sulfuric acid catalyst, which showed 30 and 94.71% conversion, respectively. The esterification reaction of high FFA jatropha oil was subsequently followed by transesterification reaction for the completion of the biodiesel production. Transesterification was carried out at 60 °C, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 1:6, NaOH catalyst of 1%, and reaction time of one hour. The jatropha biodiesel product resulted from this two steps process could satisfy the ASTM and Indonesian biodiesel standard in terms of ester content (97.79 %), density, and viscosity.

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“…Esterification reaction is normally carried out in a homogeneous phase in the presence of acid catalysts such as H 2 SO 4 , HF, H 3 PO 4 , HCl and p-toluene sulfonic acid [18,19]. However, the use of these catalysts is dangerous because they are hazardous and corrosive liquid acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FFA Adsorption from Waste Oils or Non-Edible Oils onto an Anion-Exchange Resin as Alternative Method to Esterification Reaction Prior to Transesterification Reaction for Biodiesel Production

Díaz¹,

Brito²

2016

J Adv Chem Eng

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Biodiesel is an alternative source of energy in diesel engines in its neat form or as a blend with conventional diesel fuel. The raw feedstock costs represent a lot of the overall biodiesel production cost. Therefore, the employment of waste oils or non-edible oils (which do not compete with edible oils) as feedstock for biodiesel production are presented as the best alternative. However, the presence of free fatty acids (FFA) in these oils is undesirable for biodiesel production due to the transesterification reaction performance is reduced. Hence, in this paper, the adsorption as treatment for reducing or removing FFA from oils prior to transesterification reaction for biodiesel production is examined using a strong anion-exchange resin in order to avoid esterification reaction employed commonly prior to transesterification reaction. Journal of Advanced Chemical Engineering

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Esterification of free fatty acids for biodiesel production over heteropoly tungstate supported on niobia catalysts

Cited by 111 publications

References 28 publications

Preparation of Supported Nanosized Sulfated Zirconia by Strontia and Assessment of Its Activities in the Esterification of Oleic Acid

Preparation of Supported Nanosized Sulfated Zirconia by Strontia and Assessment of Its Activities in the Esterification of Oleic Acid

Application of Tin(II) Chloride Catalyst for High FFA Jatropha Oil Esterification in Continuous Reactive Distillation Column

FFA Adsorption from Waste Oils or Non-Edible Oils onto an Anion-Exchange Resin as Alternative Method to Esterification Reaction Prior to Transesterification Reaction for Biodiesel Production

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