Esthetic assessment of class III patients before and after surgical treatment according to the divine proportion

Divine Proportions in the Assessment of Facial Esthetics—Antiquity vs Contemporary: A Systematic Review

“…Of all the investigations, only 3 studies by Medici Filho et al, 27 Mizumoto et al, 29 and Garrido et al 32 are in accordance with Ricketts hypothesis. Other studies done by Moss et al, 24 Baker et al, 25 Shell et al, 26 Kiekens et al, 28 Pancherz et al, 30 Rossetti et al, 31 Siddik Malkoc and Fidancioglu, 33 Akan et al, 34 Mantelakis et al, 35 Burusapat and Lekdaeng 36 are in contrast with Ricketts hypothesis.…”

“…Most subjects were considered esthetic after treatment but no correlation was evident between the change in facial esthetic rating and the facial proportion ratios approximating toward divine ratio. In contrast, Garrido et al 32 esthetically assessed class III patients requiring orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment according to the divine proportion. Subjects appeared esthetic after the treatment and most facial ratios presented a statistically significant difference approximating the golden ratio.…”

“…The characteristics of the included studies were summarized as shown in Table 4. Fourteen original articles were included in this review, 19,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] of which 4 studies assessed divine proportions using the photographs of professional models, 3 studies evaluated divine proportions between the pretreatment and posttreatment subjects, 5 studies evaluated divine proportions between the photographs of attractive and unattractive individuals, 1 study appraised the divine proportions between professional models and the general population, and 1 study assessed the divine proportions between original and manipulated photographs. Most of the facial ratios were different from the golden ratio.…”